Advances in Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer

Volume: 3

Flow Pattern, Pressure Drop and Heat Transfer Coefficient for Evaporative Refrigerants in Horizontal Small Tubes

Author(s): A. S. Pamitran, Kwang-Il Choi and Jong-Taek Oh

Pp: 230-279 (50)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805228811203010230

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

An experimental investigation on two-phase flow boiling flow pattern, pressure drop and heat transfer of R-22, R-134a, R-410A and natural refrigerants of C3H8 and CO2 in horizontal circular small tubes is presented in this study. The experimental data were obtained over a heat flux range of 5 to 40 kW/m2, mass flux range of 50 to 600 kg/(m2·s), saturation temperature range of 0 to 15°C, and quality up to 1.0. The test section was made of stainless steel tubes with inner diameters of 0.5 mm, 1.5 mm and 3.0 mm, and lengths of 330, 1500, 2000 and 3000 mm. The effects of mass flux, heat flux, saturation temperature and inner tube diameter on the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient are reported in this thesis. The experimental pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient were compared with the predictions given by some existing correlations. New correlations of pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient for small tubes that is based on the present experimental data are developed.


Keywords: Refrigerant, flow boiling, heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, horizontal small tubes, Correlation.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 58937999 and j.to_ip >=58937999 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848402 and j.to_date >= 1739848402 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3204) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 58937999 and j.to_ip >=58937999 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848402 and j.to_date >= 1739848402 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3204) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 58937999 and j.to_ip >=58937999 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848402 and j.to_date >= 1739848402 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3204)
      560μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1005 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739848402 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739848402 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.06msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1005
      • 3: 1739848402
      • 4: 1739848402
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='7762e4202f1c29429112b33b1d38a0bc'
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    6Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        ruAat4KS8sdaE1pl8VerVLB25x4M1C5ESr0RBDhY
        uc_cart_id
        7762e4202f1c29429112b33b1d38a0bc
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/3204" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/3204
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IkVVVk5URm1wNXYvUGZ3N1M1L0lwWUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSEZ3dVpxYmZMVDNzV2lkVHl2U1FHR3cxWDlYM29WOHNmakVyOUUvM3AvST0iLCJtYWMiOiJiM2RjYmRkMTI5N2I0MmQxMWUxMGI1M2JhYjYwMzQ2ZmRmMTcxMzJlMTE4ZTY5MDJkNGRkNTk5NWFhMTk3YmJmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IkVVVk5URm1wNXYvUGZ3N1M1L0lwWUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSEZ3dVpxYmZMVDNzV2lkVHl2U1FHR3cxWDlYM29WOHNmakVyOUUvM3AvST0iLCJtYWMiOiJiM2RjYmRkMTI5N2I0" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 03:13:22 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik5ONmU1N2hWb3c2c1AzN0w5b3RJVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTGwvV0ZCYWY5enVmU083YVhFcGdZTzR6RGhTbU9qanlwSDZCVlNoalp6aHZmTVRlNEFLc2ZSQUtHZENiU25qS0J6Vm1xeC9Wc3BoekxjQkFwcnVKT0k4RS9ZUzRTV21ESEdONzAzK2tVTDYvV2l1L1dJMEs2Q1ZCR2hkRjFEQksiLCJtYWMiOiJkZDRmZTZhZDQ1NTA4NDdiMGJhOTVhOTg0MTZkZTIyMzUzNTQ2N2FiZTE1ZjE2ZGYwZmJkMDdhOTczYTJkZTQwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 15:13:22 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik5ONmU1N2hWb3c2c1AzN0w5b3RJVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTGwvV0ZCYWY5enVmU083YVhFcGdZTzR6RGhTbU9qanlwSDZCVlNoalp6aHZmTVRlNEFLc2ZSQUtHZENiU25qS0J6Vm1xe" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlRzMTIwSURGdXp4OVB5VmZOSkpYeHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUWxVMDB0NXNUZnFMSUt3NHJQMGZ0aDBDM3h4MVBtd3BGblcrYjRkUHhXZDU0MzlxRlpHSWc2L0t4MEdxczVEWVk0S1Z2c2UzT2pHZlZDRHFSZ2o1aUdYN2xkTGNuRnc5VVBzOWFoRm4wNXVkNm5SOEhaZUhRVkU1a2gvUFNtVm8iLCJtYWMiOiJkMDNjMTQ4MzVhNDNjOTRkZjdkNjMyYzYyZGM0NDEzNDU1YjE5MTQ0YmRiMzFkMWJhNGIxZjNlMWYyYzc1YzM2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlRzMTIwSURGdXp4OVB5VmZOSkpYeHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUWxVMDB0NXNUZnFMSUt3NHJQMGZ0aDBDM3h4MVBtd3BGblcrYjRkUHhXZDU0MzlxRlpHSWc2L0t" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik5ONmU1N2hWb3c2c1AzN0w5b3RJVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTGwvV0ZCYWY5enVmU083YVhFcGdZTzR6RGhTbU9qanlwSDZCVlNoalp6aHZmTVRlNEFLc2ZSQUtHZENiU25qS0J6Vm1xeC9Wc3BoekxjQkFwcnVKT0k4RS9ZUzRTV21ESEdONzAzK2tVTDYvV2l1L1dJMEs2Q1ZCR2hkRjFEQksiLCJtYWMiOiJkZDRmZTZhZDQ1NTA4NDdiMGJhOTVhOTg0MTZkZTIyMzUzNTQ2N2FiZTE1ZjE2ZGYwZmJkMDdhOTczYTJkZTQwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 15:13:22 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik5ONmU1N2hWb3c2c1AzN0w5b3RJVEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTGwvV0ZCYWY5enVmU083YVhFcGdZTzR6RGhTbU9qanlwSDZCVlNoalp6aHZmTVRlNEFLc2ZSQUtHZENiU25qS0J6Vm1xe" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlRzMTIwSURGdXp4OVB5VmZOSkpYeHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUWxVMDB0NXNUZnFMSUt3NHJQMGZ0aDBDM3h4MVBtd3BGblcrYjRkUHhXZDU0MzlxRlpHSWc2L0t4MEdxczVEWVk0S1Z2c2UzT2pHZlZDRHFSZ2o1aUdYN2xkTGNuRnc5VVBzOWFoRm4wNXVkNm5SOEhaZUhRVkU1a2gvUFNtVm8iLCJtYWMiOiJkMDNjMTQ4MzVhNDNjOTRkZjdkNjMyYzYyZGM0NDEzNDU1YjE5MTQ0YmRiMzFkMWJhNGIxZjNlMWYyYzc1YzM2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlRzMTIwSURGdXp4OVB5VmZOSkpYeHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUWxVMDB0NXNUZnFMSUt3NHJQMGZ0aDBDM3h4MVBtd3BGblcrYjRkUHhXZDU0MzlxRlpHSWc2L0t" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "ruAat4KS8sdaE1pl8VerVLB25x4M1C5ESr0RBDhY" "uc_cart_id" => "7762e4202f1c29429112b33b1d38a0bc" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/3204" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 03:13:22GET/chapter/3204112198