Advances in Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer

Volume: 3

Coalescence of Drops in Liquid

Author(s): Pallab Ghosh

Pp: 84-134 (51)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805228811203010084

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Coalescence of drops is an important process for the destabilization of liquid-liquid dispersions. This chapter presents the mechanism of coalescence of drops in dispersion. It also presents the theories of coalescence that are used at present. The film drainage theory and the stochastic theory of coalescence have been discussed explaining their merits and drawbacks. These models are evaluated with numerical examples. The role of van der Waals, electrostatic double layer, steric and hydration forces on the coalescence process has been discussed. The importance of adsorption of surfactant molecules at the liquid–liquid interface on coalescence time has been explained. Possible reasons behind the failure of the film drainage models in predicting the coalescence time in presence of surfactant have been explained. This chapter also presents the calculation of coalescence time in industrial equipment, experimental techniques employed for studying coalescence of a drop at a flat liquid–liquid interface, binary coalescence, and coalescence of two drops in motion. Directions for future research on coalescence have also been presented.


Keywords: Coalescence, disjoining pressure, drop, emulsion, film drainage theory, interfacial force, lubrication flow, surfactant, stochastic theory, thin liquid film.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221967817 and j.to_ip >=221967817 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848400 and j.to_date >= 1739848400 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3200) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221967817 and j.to_ip >=221967817 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848400 and j.to_date >= 1739848400 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3200) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221967817 and j.to_ip >=221967817 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848400 and j.to_date >= 1739848400 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 3200)
      600μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 1005 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739848400 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739848400 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.13msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 1005
      • 3: 1739848400
      • 4: 1739848400
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='a04833375818aa69e3aea43acc398ce2'
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    10Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
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        3QSSeNtuI9J79K7g64CfTdvHlPDENTwDEqeWJCCn
        uc_cart_id
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        _flash
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        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
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        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 03:13:20GET/chapter/32001121912