The Economics of Alternative Energy Sources and Globalization

Impact of Voluntary Carbon and Bioenergy Markets on Non-Industrial Private Forest Landowners' Profitability

Author(s): Puneet Dwivedi, Janaki Alavalapati, Douglas Carter and Sherry Larkin

Pp: 170-182 (13)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805233211101010170

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

This chapter adopts a case study approach to study the impact of voluntary carbon and bioenergy markets on the profitability of non-industrial private forest landowners. How an acre of intensely managed slash pine (Pinus elliottii) impacts on the optimal rotation age of a plantation is also assessed. A carbon plantation in the southern United States is selected as a representative case. The payment guidelines from the Chicago Climate Exchange were followed. A life-cycle analysis was conducted to ascertain the emissions from various silvicultural activities. It was assumed that only logging residues available from forestland will be utilized for bioenergy production. It was found that land expectation values increased by about 49 percent (with thinning) and 50 percent (without thinning) by including payments for net carbon sequestered in the live biomass and logging residues, but the optimal rotation age of 22 years did not change.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221948497 and j.to_ip >=221948497 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848024 and j.to_date >= 1739848024 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 2993) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221948497 and j.to_ip >=221948497 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848024 and j.to_date >= 1739848024 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 2993) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221948497 and j.to_ip >=221948497 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848024 and j.to_date >= 1739848024 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 2993)
      670μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 993 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739848024 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739848024 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.09msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 993
      • 3: 1739848024
      • 4: 1739848024
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='708907f4d2bb9c0682684091e15002e9'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Keywords
    1Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        mgzhTLwiNpVhN8KEVvawJ1MN1TX3N2TTHv4Ur0Y0
        uc_cart_id
        708907f4d2bb9c0682684091e15002e9
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/2993" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/2993
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:16 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 03:07:04 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik1rV1ZQYWJMZ09SNVovaDJKS2ovT0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid1pZQmErbytjbGEzZzZTK1p4b1dSV25nZ3FiVVFKblEyRG1mOE9QNXRNRzJ0enZobTJ2SVozcFNneGx2SEVZVEI1SVMzbTV1Zyt1Qzk3UXZ1MHFLM3VQUHIwbFhUazdWVUFQR1RDVWhtMDQ2MVduTUxKSWNFbHpZZEdvZXYxeUciLCJtYWMiOiJmYTcwZDY3ZjQyYTEzMmZkODAwMDc3Mzc3MjBkZDUwNjkwYTRkYmQ5NzE1ZTQ4ZWI3MjE1MWFlOGU2YzQ3MWQ4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 15:07:04 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik1rV1ZQYWJMZ09SNVovaDJKS2ovT0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid1pZQmErbytjbGEzZzZTK1p4b1dSV25nZ3FiVVFKblEyRG1mOE9QNXRNRzJ0enZobTJ2SVozcFNneGx2SEVZVEI1SVMzb" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IitwaG5FNW1panJnVjYyU1QyVEtmRWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZGVtVjd2QUpPcThaYnBnUkRGY01BSThhcGg4cmVld25xcVJ0ZnBqSHVDZktWSHp4ejByZHdOckJIWFlZNmlmZVcrWC9wdFhsUzkrclZhVzUxQm9MZjhsVUVsTnJ3b3Bwakp3RFpKdmNLanplRFJmQ1U4L1VVMlBWSTc3OWFYZ0YiLCJtYWMiOiI4NjI1YjA0NGZiMzcxMzgwMzU1MzQ0Zjg0NjRhYjg4MDAxMDc0NTE5YjI3YTA2NzI5ZjE5NDE3N2E1NTBiZjY5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IitwaG5FNW1panJnVjYyU1QyVEtmRWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZGVtVjd2QUpPcThaYnBnUkRGY01BSThhcGg4cmVld25xcVJ0ZnBqSHVDZktWSHp4ejByZHdOckJ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik1rV1ZQYWJMZ09SNVovaDJKS2ovT0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid1pZQmErbytjbGEzZzZTK1p4b1dSV25nZ3FiVVFKblEyRG1mOE9QNXRNRzJ0enZobTJ2SVozcFNneGx2SEVZVEI1SVMzbTV1Zyt1Qzk3UXZ1MHFLM3VQUHIwbFhUazdWVUFQR1RDVWhtMDQ2MVduTUxKSWNFbHpZZEdvZXYxeUciLCJtYWMiOiJmYTcwZDY3ZjQyYTEzMmZkODAwMDc3Mzc3MjBkZDUwNjkwYTRkYmQ5NzE1ZTQ4ZWI3MjE1MWFlOGU2YzQ3MWQ4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 15:07:04 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ik1rV1ZQYWJMZ09SNVovaDJKS2ovT0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid1pZQmErbytjbGEzZzZTK1p4b1dSV25nZ3FiVVFKblEyRG1mOE9QNXRNRzJ0enZobTJ2SVozcFNneGx2SEVZVEI1SVMzb" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IitwaG5FNW1panJnVjYyU1QyVEtmRWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZGVtVjd2QUpPcThaYnBnUkRGY01BSThhcGg4cmVld25xcVJ0ZnBqSHVDZktWSHp4ejByZHdOckJIWFlZNmlmZVcrWC9wdFhsUzkrclZhVzUxQm9MZjhsVUVsTnJ3b3Bwakp3RFpKdmNLanplRFJmQ1U4L1VVMlBWSTc3OWFYZ0YiLCJtYWMiOiI4NjI1YjA0NGZiMzcxMzgwMzU1MzQ0Zjg0NjRhYjg4MDAxMDc0NTE5YjI3YTA2NzI5ZjE5NDE3N2E1NTBiZjY5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IitwaG5FNW1panJnVjYyU1QyVEtmRWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZGVtVjd2QUpPcThaYnBnUkRGY01BSThhcGg4cmVld25xcVJ0ZnBqSHVDZktWSHp4ejByZHdOckJ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "mgzhTLwiNpVhN8KEVvawJ1MN1TX3N2TTHv4Ur0Y0" "uc_cart_id" => "708907f4d2bb9c0682684091e15002e9" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/2993" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 03:07:04GET/chapter/2993112193