Research Topics in Agricultural and Applied Economics

Volume: 2

Measuring Labor Productivity and Market Viability of Rural Tourism Activities in Japan

Author(s): Yasuo Ohe

Pp: 155-167 (13)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805243111102010155

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

This paper evaluated diversified rural tourism activities from the perspectives of economic viability and endogenous utilization of rural resources and investigated labour productivity of eight rural tourism activities. First, we presented a conceptual framework on how to evaluate economic viability and the endogenous mobilization of rural resources. Second, we empirically evaluated economic viability, the supply shift effect of endogenous utilization of rural resources and labour productivity with regard to rural tourism. The main findings are as follows. First, examination of the three main activities, i.e. accommodation, restaurant operation and direct selling of farm products, showed that both full-time and part-time labour input contributed more effectively to better annual sales in those three activities than in the other activities examined, such as farm experience services. This means that those activities are viable whereas activities that provide farming experience services did not show evidence of a viable farm business. Second, we could not confirm the supply shift effect of endogenous innovative use of rural resources. Overall, we found that rural tourism in this country is undersupplied at a social optimal level. In the long run, institutional conditions for market formation and management skills for endogenous innovation in utilization of rural resources should be more intensely developed as a part of rural resource management policy.


Keywords: Rural tourism, farm diversification, labour productivity, production elasticity, multifunctionality of agriculture, market viability, rural resource management.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59228343 and j.to_ip >=59228343 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740550783 and j.to_date >= 1740550783 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 2793) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59228343 and j.to_ip >=59228343 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740550783 and j.to_date >= 1740550783 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 2793) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59228343 and j.to_ip >=59228343 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740550783 and j.to_date >= 1740550783 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 2793)
      530μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 981 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740550783 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740550783 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 981
      • 3: 1740550783
      • 4: 1740550783
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='5f32320efb5e281e0c76f7b503151181'
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    7Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        CYpMX0M5QJkG83VhigP7x6C5WtUOC3ibu6YcwZgW
        uc_cart_id
        5f32320efb5e281e0c76f7b503151181
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/2793" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/2793
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:16 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Wed, 26 Feb 2025 06:19:43 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InVySnVVL1c3bG5vTGdhUjg4YjM5SkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidHdGZy9yRnp4Y1Yza3E1dThsaFdRbWgvQm1waHkvZkszTGptWTFBa1dPMG90R252UkNqaUVuZGhBdmh4OEg3VUhra0QxWXpnMkNiay9haGdWTFpJT2EzL1luQmpVRzNuTWVtZmRweXRZaDZsdGhLUW1LT0hJY1BMZm10MklHYVkiLCJtYWMiOiIxZmNmNWQwODJmNzU1ZjU0YTljY2RmYTY3ZjhiYjU2NTUzYTkxZDQxODAwNjFjNmQ3MTE3OGYzZTU4NjRlMjViIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 18:19:43 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InVySnVVL1c3bG5vTGdhUjg4YjM5SkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidHdGZy9yRnp4Y1Yza3E1dThsaFdRbWgvQm1waHkvZkszTGptWTFBa1dPMG90R252UkNqaUVuZGhBdmh4OEg3VUhra0QxW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IndSNy9tYWYyQTZ0Q1FyMTUzdEdQMFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYU9hTXBSLzZxQkVQNmdGN1ZhbjY5QmwwZDdTZnRlcE5DSU1jZ3NpVEROQlBCeHdZZnpDNVNBRnJucTJ6OWtCT0NnU0tuSFk2ODhtNHp1elhWZUhzaUp3aTQ1S3V1TS9kWXRLaVJqTnI3SEZrSVIydk5KQjkrVEkwSW1JYlFpT0IiLCJtYWMiOiJlYjEyZTY3MzcxZjlhNjEzNGM3MzljNzQ5ZTM4OWIxMGQyMjcyOWFmOGI2YjZlYjIzYjZkYmE4NjlhMDNjZmUwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IndSNy9tYWYyQTZ0Q1FyMTUzdEdQMFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYU9hTXBSLzZxQkVQNmdGN1ZhbjY5QmwwZDdTZnRlcE5DSU1jZ3NpVEROQlBCeHdZZnpDNVNBRnJ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InVySnVVL1c3bG5vTGdhUjg4YjM5SkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidHdGZy9yRnp4Y1Yza3E1dThsaFdRbWgvQm1waHkvZkszTGptWTFBa1dPMG90R252UkNqaUVuZGhBdmh4OEg3VUhra0QxWXpnMkNiay9haGdWTFpJT2EzL1luQmpVRzNuTWVtZmRweXRZaDZsdGhLUW1LT0hJY1BMZm10MklHYVkiLCJtYWMiOiIxZmNmNWQwODJmNzU1ZjU0YTljY2RmYTY3ZjhiYjU2NTUzYTkxZDQxODAwNjFjNmQ3MTE3OGYzZTU4NjRlMjViIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 18:19:43 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InVySnVVL1c3bG5vTGdhUjg4YjM5SkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidHdGZy9yRnp4Y1Yza3E1dThsaFdRbWgvQm1waHkvZkszTGptWTFBa1dPMG90R252UkNqaUVuZGhBdmh4OEg3VUhra0QxW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IndSNy9tYWYyQTZ0Q1FyMTUzdEdQMFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYU9hTXBSLzZxQkVQNmdGN1ZhbjY5QmwwZDdTZnRlcE5DSU1jZ3NpVEROQlBCeHdZZnpDNVNBRnJucTJ6OWtCT0NnU0tuSFk2ODhtNHp1elhWZUhzaUp3aTQ1S3V1TS9kWXRLaVJqTnI3SEZrSVIydk5KQjkrVEkwSW1JYlFpT0IiLCJtYWMiOiJlYjEyZTY3MzcxZjlhNjEzNGM3MzljNzQ5ZTM4OWIxMGQyMjcyOWFmOGI2YjZlYjIzYjZkYmE4NjlhMDNjZmUwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IndSNy9tYWYyQTZ0Q1FyMTUzdEdQMFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYU9hTXBSLzZxQkVQNmdGN1ZhbjY5QmwwZDdTZnRlcE5DSU1jZ3NpVEROQlBCeHdZZnpDNVNBRnJ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "CYpMX0M5QJkG83VhigP7x6C5WtUOC3ibu6YcwZgW" "uc_cart_id" => "5f32320efb5e281e0c76f7b503151181" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/2793" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-26 06:19:43GET/chapter/2793112199