Research Topics in Agricultural and Applied Economics

Volume: 2

Food Crisis: Did Agricultural Prices Rise Faster than they Fell?

Author(s): Matthieu Stigler and Piera Tortora

Pp: 19-30 (12)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805243111102010019

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

International agricultural markets have experienced important price fluctuations recently, with prices spiking in 2007-2008 and then declining sharply in 2008. While domestic prices generally followed these increases, there is concern that they remained at high levels despite decreases in international prices. This issue of asymmetry between downward and upward price transmission has been widely discussed in economic literature, and some authors have argued that such asymmetry is the rule rather than the exception. With its sustained price increase followed by a large decrease, the food price spike provides an ideal case to test this hypothesis. We assess this question empirically by investigating a sample of small wheat importing countries. We use time series models which allow for asymmetries - namely regime switching cointegration techniques - to examine whether the international price spike and its subsequent decline have been transmitted to domestic markets to the same extent. Out of the four countries we investigate, we find a clear case of a downward asymmetry, a clear case of upward asymmetry, the remaining two countries yield less definitive results.


Keywords: Asymmetric price transmission, agricultural price spike, nonlinear cointegration, regime switching models.

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version169msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[23:21:58] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (92.69ms)time
  • Application (76.39ms)time
  • 1 x Booting (54.82%)
    92.69ms
    1 x Application (45.18%)
    76.39ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    19 statements were executed20.91ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51408323','',1,1740525718,1740525718) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740525718
      910μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51408323','/chapter/2784',1,1740525718,1740525718)
      160μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51408323 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51408323) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51408323 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51408323) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51408323 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51408323) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51408323 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51408323) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51408323 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51408323) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51408323 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51408323) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51408323 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51408323) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51408323 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51408323) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 51408323 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51408323) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51408323 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51408323) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51408323 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51408323) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 51408323 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51408323) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51408323 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51408323) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51408323 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51408323) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 51408323 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51408323) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51408323 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51408323) limit 1
      11.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 51408323
      • 1: 51408323
      • 2: 51408323
      • 3: 51408323
      • 4: 51408323
      • 5: 51408323
      • 6: 51408323
      • 7: 51408323
      • 8: 51408323
      • 9: 51408323
      • 10: 51408323
      • 11: 51408323
      • 12: 51408323
      • 13: 51408323
      • 14: 51408323
      • 15: 51408323
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '2784' limit 1
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 2784
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '2784' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      600μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 2784
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '2784'
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 2784
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 57 limit 1
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 57
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=57) and se.ebook_id!=57 and v.ebook_status='1'
      1.54msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=57) and se.ebook_id!=57 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      830μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=57)
      440μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=57) limit 10 offset 0
      480μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 981 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      520μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 981
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 57 and ebook_volume_id <> 981 limit 1
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 57
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '2784' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '981' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51408323 and j.to_ip >=51408323 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740525718 and j.to_date >= 1740525718 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 981) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51408323 and j.to_ip >=51408323 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740525718 and j.to_date >= 1740525718 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 981) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51408323 and j.to_ip >=51408323 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740525718 and j.to_date >= 1740525718 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 981)
      700μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51408323 and j.to_ip >=51408323 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740525718 and j.to_date >= 1740525718 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 2784) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51408323 and j.to_ip >=51408323 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740525718 and j.to_date >= 1740525718 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 2784) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51408323 and j.to_ip >=51408323 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740525718 and j.to_date >= 1740525718 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 2784)
      640μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 981 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740525718 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740525718 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.19msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 981
      • 3: 1740525718
      • 4: 1740525718
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='3134212c8e33ae7fdaa668048ac8d615'
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    4Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        qxvUOD6Avc11I9mZIXZLUEhRYp5QBVaRr6W3cDBJ
        uc_cart_id
        3134212c8e33ae7fdaa668048ac8d615
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/2784" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/2784
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjFKWnd0WEU5bFF0K1JTNGQybnhVQmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoialo5akQyLytKZEVFMEdzZWVSMk4yUXlnb0Y5NzdaQjVycTRBWVcxWjNITT0iLCJtYWMiOiI1MGUwMTA5MTZlYTc4MzRlNzg4MzllM2UwODY1N2FmMTYyMjczNTA5NjNiMTJkYjQ2NzQxMWMyOGYxYjNlOWY5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjFKWnd0WEU5bFF0K1JTNGQybnhVQmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoialo5akQyLytKZEVFMEdzZWVSMk4yUXlnb0Y5NzdaQjVycTRBWVcxWjNITT0iLCJtYWMiOiI1MGUwMTA5MTZlYTc4" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 23:21:58 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlpORFBFM0JuQ1Zsb1RoQ3g0UitkeGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibDVlcW9WZlh4cE5CY1lNd2c0bEF6SThKc3lpMHkrTUFmU2ZuUWFFK1o5TW1lWS8wYmdyazR2a0p2VFNCdktnODRRU1FLMHFVdUs0dll1YndCNkhZbCtGVWd2ZG1lRCs0OU5OdTZKY0cwWUlVN2I5V2RaNHRyM0Y2NWRFcDNzQk8iLCJtYWMiOiI0Mzg4MzFkNmU5MDM1ZGMyZmQzY2RkMDZkMTBkMmE0YzQ3NjY5YzBiMTZlNDk5ZTgyYzIwNzg5ZjQwODU0NTljIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 11:21:58 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlpORFBFM0JuQ1Zsb1RoQ3g0UitkeGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibDVlcW9WZlh4cE5CY1lNd2c0bEF6SThKc3lpMHkrTUFmU2ZuUWFFK1o5TW1lWS8wYmdyazR2a0p2VFNCdktnODRRU1FLM" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkFLejN2ZHhYNWs2eXlPYVRPN2p2cEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL2ZLRXVuck92Qy84WGpoR0RmNDN3SHU1U2V6NmZzK3grV0J2OWZqOUtrMGpsU0o0SDZqK29CRURab0hjdXNkd0YyTHV3aTFteEM4aG1tVGRjZkRyQ3ZnRzgwOWhaODlBalpWWXh4NUFVMFdQNzFZenR4dnowazVXSjBjOEdrUmciLCJtYWMiOiI4NjA5ZTZkYzM0OGVmMmQyMTI2ODgzZGRlYmQ2NzA1NTI4ZTYwOTRjYTc3MDBhM2Y0ZmFkYjFjNTQyMWViZTdlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkFLejN2ZHhYNWs2eXlPYVRPN2p2cEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL2ZLRXVuck92Qy84WGpoR0RmNDN3SHU1U2V6NmZzK3grV0J2OWZqOUtrMGpsU0o0SDZqK29CRUR" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlpORFBFM0JuQ1Zsb1RoQ3g0UitkeGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibDVlcW9WZlh4cE5CY1lNd2c0bEF6SThKc3lpMHkrTUFmU2ZuUWFFK1o5TW1lWS8wYmdyazR2a0p2VFNCdktnODRRU1FLMHFVdUs0dll1YndCNkhZbCtGVWd2ZG1lRCs0OU5OdTZKY0cwWUlVN2I5V2RaNHRyM0Y2NWRFcDNzQk8iLCJtYWMiOiI0Mzg4MzFkNmU5MDM1ZGMyZmQzY2RkMDZkMTBkMmE0YzQ3NjY5YzBiMTZlNDk5ZTgyYzIwNzg5ZjQwODU0NTljIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 11:21:58 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlpORFBFM0JuQ1Zsb1RoQ3g0UitkeGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibDVlcW9WZlh4cE5CY1lNd2c0bEF6SThKc3lpMHkrTUFmU2ZuUWFFK1o5TW1lWS8wYmdyazR2a0p2VFNCdktnODRRU1FLM" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkFLejN2ZHhYNWs2eXlPYVRPN2p2cEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL2ZLRXVuck92Qy84WGpoR0RmNDN3SHU1U2V6NmZzK3grV0J2OWZqOUtrMGpsU0o0SDZqK29CRURab0hjdXNkd0YyTHV3aTFteEM4aG1tVGRjZkRyQ3ZnRzgwOWhaODlBalpWWXh4NUFVMFdQNzFZenR4dnowazVXSjBjOEdrUmciLCJtYWMiOiI4NjA5ZTZkYzM0OGVmMmQyMTI2ODgzZGRlYmQ2NzA1NTI4ZTYwOTRjYTc3MDBhM2Y0ZmFkYjFjNTQyMWViZTdlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkFLejN2ZHhYNWs2eXlPYVRPN2p2cEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiL2ZLRXVuck92Qy84WGpoR0RmNDN3SHU1U2V6NmZzK3grV0J2OWZqOUtrMGpsU0o0SDZqK29CRUR" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "qxvUOD6Avc11I9mZIXZLUEhRYp5QBVaRr6W3cDBJ" "uc_cart_id" => "3134212c8e33ae7fdaa668048ac8d615" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/2784" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 23:21:58GET/chapter/2784112196