The Primitive Mind and Modern Man

Child Rearing and the Treatment of Children in Primitive Cultures

Author(s): John Alan Cohan

Pp: 255-259 (5)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805087111001010255

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

There is great diversity among cultures in the way children are reared and treated as they grow up. In many cultures there is a strict taboo prohibiting any contact or communication between brother and sister, so as to avoid incest. In some cultures mothers tend to hold their children away from them, avoid eye contact, and generally minimize emotional responses of their infants. In other cultures people avoid punishing children for fear that their sensitive little souls may leave them and they will die, whereas in some cultures even young children are severely punished if they cry too much. It is not uncommon for parents to arrange marriages while their children are still very young. Among the Druze people, it is believed that the soul of the deceased reincarnates into a newborn baby almost immediately. Among the Beng people, infants are thought to be capable of understanding all languages spoken to them. Until recent times, in primitive cultures it was the custom to sacrifice the first-born child of a family. This seems to have been a kind of sympathetic magic in which the parents offered their firstborn in exchange for favors bestowed by the gods. Among the Berawan people it is the custom for parents to give up their babies for adoption if certain bad omens occur during the mother’s pregnancy. The custom of couvade still exists in many parts of the world, whereby the father of a newborn child must lie in bed for at least a month, with the child by his side, while the mother carries on her usual activities.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316498996 and j.to_ip >=316498996 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740703141 and j.to_date >= 1740703141 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 2649) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316498996 and j.to_ip >=316498996 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740703141 and j.to_date >= 1740703141 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 2649) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316498996 and j.to_ip >=316498996 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740703141 and j.to_date >= 1740703141 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 2649)
      970μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 968 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740703141 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740703141 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.54msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 968
      • 3: 1740703141
      • 4: 1740703141
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='41407fdad1e9891bc0ed0fc4e1c42c0b'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Keywords
    1Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        CMrvR0G7wczvNFwgxZ3RohRBGkF0dFfxcDIRE3NF
        uc_cart_id
        41407fdad1e9891bc0ed0fc4e1c42c0b
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/2649" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/2649
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:16 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Fri, 28 Feb 2025 00:39:01 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Inl1QW5wVm1Yb054Vk1OUUhkQlR0b3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicmVNekZMeGdqNHYzQmNuSW1IN2VycDFaRFZVZzhFcCtVZWk1VGNET2FmRmhWdXNtZ2JaTTJxS2JId3Bic0crM1d5ZDhqdXZKZFowMEZqbTQ5YUJzbVFQNUxYTVAxY253c05CNEFOVUNGV2ZtOXk3ZTc2Z1Zrb0R0T2V1Y3gweHIiLCJtYWMiOiI0ODRkMjBkM2RlNjQxNDM1ZjA3NGY4ODhhOTQ2MDM4ZTE2ZTE2ODU3YTUwOGFiYTg5N2Q3MzA1ZjIzNGU2MjU5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sun, 02 Mar 2025 12:39:01 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Inl1QW5wVm1Yb054Vk1OUUhkQlR0b3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicmVNekZMeGdqNHYzQmNuSW1IN2VycDFaRFZVZzhFcCtVZWk1VGNET2FmRmhWdXNtZ2JaTTJxS2JId3Bic0crM1d5ZDhqd" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InRvRDFYeUs2UVpsUmdaMzM5V3d0enc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZWpIL1ptR0ZTYmRoLzdvYjVNODRZMU9tMVg0NHpzNXJneVMzbDk2eTdyOU5TdWFwdTNsY0Q1Kzg5TWlqSnNhR0ZMUUowK0ZyZ0s1RFBnQ3FlSW5SODB4cnJ4R0JYZ0NLblUrR2Vpa2Y1aWlkSE1penJmRkR5ZW1sK2lZcGRqaVQiLCJtYWMiOiI2NjJiMjAwOGM3MTFjMWRlZGJiN2EyNTVjNDliMjBhODlhOTRkZGQzNzAxNDg3Yjc2ZDAxYzM4MzM3MGJhZWY1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InRvRDFYeUs2UVpsUmdaMzM5V3d0enc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZWpIL1ptR0ZTYmRoLzdvYjVNODRZMU9tMVg0NHpzNXJneVMzbDk2eTdyOU5TdWFwdTNsY0Q1Kzg" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Inl1QW5wVm1Yb054Vk1OUUhkQlR0b3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicmVNekZMeGdqNHYzQmNuSW1IN2VycDFaRFZVZzhFcCtVZWk1VGNET2FmRmhWdXNtZ2JaTTJxS2JId3Bic0crM1d5ZDhqdXZKZFowMEZqbTQ5YUJzbVFQNUxYTVAxY253c05CNEFOVUNGV2ZtOXk3ZTc2Z1Zrb0R0T2V1Y3gweHIiLCJtYWMiOiI0ODRkMjBkM2RlNjQxNDM1ZjA3NGY4ODhhOTQ2MDM4ZTE2ZTE2ODU3YTUwOGFiYTg5N2Q3MzA1ZjIzNGU2MjU5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sun, 02-Mar-2025 12:39:01 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Inl1QW5wVm1Yb054Vk1OUUhkQlR0b3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicmVNekZMeGdqNHYzQmNuSW1IN2VycDFaRFZVZzhFcCtVZWk1VGNET2FmRmhWdXNtZ2JaTTJxS2JId3Bic0crM1d5ZDhqd" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InRvRDFYeUs2UVpsUmdaMzM5V3d0enc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZWpIL1ptR0ZTYmRoLzdvYjVNODRZMU9tMVg0NHpzNXJneVMzbDk2eTdyOU5TdWFwdTNsY0Q1Kzg5TWlqSnNhR0ZMUUowK0ZyZ0s1RFBnQ3FlSW5SODB4cnJ4R0JYZ0NLblUrR2Vpa2Y1aWlkSE1penJmRkR5ZW1sK2lZcGRqaVQiLCJtYWMiOiI2NjJiMjAwOGM3MTFjMWRlZGJiN2EyNTVjNDliMjBhODlhOTRkZGQzNzAxNDg3Yjc2ZDAxYzM4MzM3MGJhZWY1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InRvRDFYeUs2UVpsUmdaMzM5V3d0enc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZWpIL1ptR0ZTYmRoLzdvYjVNODRZMU9tMVg0NHpzNXJneVMzbDk2eTdyOU5TdWFwdTNsY0Q1Kzg" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "CMrvR0G7wczvNFwgxZ3RohRBGkF0dFfxcDIRE3NF" "uc_cart_id" => "41407fdad1e9891bc0ed0fc4e1c42c0b" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/2649" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-28 00:39:01GET/chapter/2649112193