The Primitive Mind and Modern Man

The Placebo Effect

Author(s): John Alan Cohan

Pp: 172-174 (3)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805087111001010172

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

The phenomenon of death by suggestion, so often seen in primitive cultures, is linked to the modern notion of the placebo effect. The role of suggestion in treatment-whether it is folk healing, shamanism, or other practices-cannot be underestimated. In the placebo effect, almost any treatment will work, though medically inert, so long as the patient is convinced that it has efficacy. The idea that a placebo pill will cure patients of illness is so well established a phenomenon that in clinical trials control groups receive a placebo to compare their outcome with those receiving the trial drug. The success rate of the placebo is in some cases as good as that of the genuine drug. Shamans, witch-doctors and folk healers often rely on the patient’s strong belief that the cure will be effective. The placebo effect may be an explanation for the apparently miraculous healings that sometimes occur through prayer or other religious practices.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59143663 and j.to_ip >=59143663 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740702410 and j.to_date >= 1740702410 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 2632) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59143663 and j.to_ip >=59143663 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740702410 and j.to_date >= 1740702410 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 2632) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59143663 and j.to_ip >=59143663 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740702410 and j.to_date >= 1740702410 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 2632)
      900μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 968 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740702410 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740702410 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.53msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 968
      • 3: 1740702410
      • 4: 1740702410
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='339e4aebc29bd20235c8d8f2a2906079'
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        f97gBIMv4hCXIEUfk0sxiD5APSngDsQfWUu2T9HD
        uc_cart_id
        339e4aebc29bd20235c8d8f2a2906079
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/2632" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/2632
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:16 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Fri, 28 Feb 2025 00:26:50 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InFWOWlabC95RnJuczNzcU9nZ1FPVmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQnVYQkIwNW1BaGRxUmNaei9DWHpabktFN1RERjhmei9pOUcyNUN0VEVkbENvYmYyelNjN3h6OTlaTDB1Qy9ITGRXZ0pNWmxWQXFDT21BeW9IOWJsdHpUY1AzMkVpVlVtdW1paFFqK1B6djhmcS9SS0t4ams1RWFnQVBuUEFuQWciLCJtYWMiOiI3YWYzNDNlMjllOWI4NjA1NzkxZTFiOWMwZTEyZTYyNTM5YmE5ZDY3MjYxMDM3Y2IwODJiMzQ5NmI5YjdmZmZiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sun, 02 Mar 2025 12:26:50 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InFWOWlabC95RnJuczNzcU9nZ1FPVmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQnVYQkIwNW1BaGRxUmNaei9DWHpabktFN1RERjhmei9pOUcyNUN0VEVkbENvYmYyelNjN3h6OTlaTDB1Qy9ITGRXZ0pNW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImJkNTY0cStMeTl6TCtXdG81eWNmM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiekZyWVc2UHZTQ1Y2YmdGRDRpLzJqejdOQUZGbkpRVXBURCtsaVo0TUxRelJ5enVlbnptMjZhbHdjNytRcE9JT3hEaE5mMTRCUjlKSXlxb201cXF2QktHWEZCV2o2K1p6RjJFV3ZEL3k1bnRGdDY1NkhMZVZTc2ZLR0JGTi81ZjgiLCJtYWMiOiJlOTE1NWQyMjIyYmM3NjcxYjhjNjkwMzgxNTAxMGI2N2NkZDc0NWZkMDczNmZkYjk3YWFiODJkYTZiZmQ5ZmE0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImJkNTY0cStMeTl6TCtXdG81eWNmM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiekZyWVc2UHZTQ1Y2YmdGRDRpLzJqejdOQUZGbkpRVXBURCtsaVo0TUxRelJ5enVlbnptMjZhbHd" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InFWOWlabC95RnJuczNzcU9nZ1FPVmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQnVYQkIwNW1BaGRxUmNaei9DWHpabktFN1RERjhmei9pOUcyNUN0VEVkbENvYmYyelNjN3h6OTlaTDB1Qy9ITGRXZ0pNWmxWQXFDT21BeW9IOWJsdHpUY1AzMkVpVlVtdW1paFFqK1B6djhmcS9SS0t4ams1RWFnQVBuUEFuQWciLCJtYWMiOiI3YWYzNDNlMjllOWI4NjA1NzkxZTFiOWMwZTEyZTYyNTM5YmE5ZDY3MjYxMDM3Y2IwODJiMzQ5NmI5YjdmZmZiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sun, 02-Mar-2025 12:26:50 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InFWOWlabC95RnJuczNzcU9nZ1FPVmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQnVYQkIwNW1BaGRxUmNaei9DWHpabktFN1RERjhmei9pOUcyNUN0VEVkbENvYmYyelNjN3h6OTlaTDB1Qy9ITGRXZ0pNW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImJkNTY0cStMeTl6TCtXdG81eWNmM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiekZyWVc2UHZTQ1Y2YmdGRDRpLzJqejdOQUZGbkpRVXBURCtsaVo0TUxRelJ5enVlbnptMjZhbHdjNytRcE9JT3hEaE5mMTRCUjlKSXlxb201cXF2QktHWEZCV2o2K1p6RjJFV3ZEL3k1bnRGdDY1NkhMZVZTc2ZLR0JGTi81ZjgiLCJtYWMiOiJlOTE1NWQyMjIyYmM3NjcxYjhjNjkwMzgxNTAxMGI2N2NkZDc0NWZkMDczNmZkYjk3YWFiODJkYTZiZmQ5ZmE0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImJkNTY0cStMeTl6TCtXdG81eWNmM0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiekZyWVc2UHZTQ1Y2YmdGRDRpLzJqejdOQUZGbkpRVXBURCtsaVo0TUxRelJ5enVlbnptMjZhbHd" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "f97gBIMv4hCXIEUfk0sxiD5APSngDsQfWUu2T9HD" "uc_cart_id" => "339e4aebc29bd20235c8d8f2a2906079" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/2632" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-28 00:26:50GET/chapter/2632112192