Abstract
Due to its quantitative capacity to differentiate Fermatean fuzzy sets (FFSs), distance measurement is a research hotspot in the Fermatean fuzzy set. For Fermatean fuzzy sets, we used cosine distance, a novel distance metric. In this study, measures of cosine similarity and cosine distance amongst FFSs are taken into account when trying to solve a multi-attribute decision-making problem based on sustainable development goals. In this study, we used the cosine distance measure for Fermatean fuzzy set theory to rank a set of urban cities according to many factors, including poverty, health, industrial development, and climate quality. Additionally, a suitable example is used to illustrate the superiority and logic of the present formulation.