Abstract
Soil organisms are very important to improve soil fertility and maintain a
natural balance between soil nutrient cycles, enzyme activities and biological
transformation of complex substances. Typically, one gram of soil contains more than
90 million bacteria, which helps plants in nutrient uptake by converting them into
forms that are available to the plants. People tend to think negatively of microbes
because they are unaware of how important they are, even though they frequently
behave as disease-causing agents. Similarly, the role of soil macroorganisms in
improving soil structure and nutrient movement is equally significant. The use of
biochar as an exuberant carrier of soil organisms in the soil ecosystem has been widely
studied. Therefore, in this chapter, we will emphasis the types and functions of macro
and microorganisms in the soil, the impact of biochar on soil organisms, nutrient
cycling and enzyme activities.