Fundamentals of Mathematics in Medical Research: Theory and Cases

Curve Fitting

Author(s): Carlos Polanco * .

Pp: 70-83 (14)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815223132124010011

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

This chapter presents an overview of curve fitting methods in Euclidean spaces, with a particular emphasis on R 2 and R 3 . In order to represent linear and nonlinear interactions between numerous variables, a number of methodologies, including linear and nonlinear least squares methods, are being investigated. The linear relationship that exists between two variables is broken down in great detail, and a broad variety of examples are provided to show how curve fitting methods can be utilized to build models that are an accurate representation of data sets. In addition to this, the linear relationship that exists between the three variables under consideration is dissected, and detailed strategies for dealing with this scenario are discussed. Curve fitting methods are useful for exploring and evaluating data in Euclidean spaces, as shown by the results and examples shown below, which demonstrate the utility and versatility of these methods.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3741 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740514748 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740514748 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.15msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3741
      • 3: 1740514748
      • 4: 1740514748
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='9788551d63d1eb305dc3e8170f6dd196'
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        cM9EmFr6whnMj822UKKmDSuuRWrXznkFQ7WFkkMw
        uc_cart_id
        9788551d63d1eb305dc3e8170f6dd196
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/22840" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/22840
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjFIbVR4V1EyRDZsVXpjWGQ3K3plaUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYzBLQXRickxyaHFWVmpmSEFHOTZRdW9nemZRSEo1aGNoZldRZVE1azV2OD0iLCJtYWMiOiI2MjIwMjQxYjNmMjk2ZDBkZDNiYWVmOGFmOTM2OGJlOTkzMWNiNzFiZjkyYTY0NGM4OGU0YWYwNWExMzBkNTVmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjFIbVR4V1EyRDZsVXpjWGQ3K3plaUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYzBLQXRickxyaHFWVmpmSEFHOTZRdW9nemZRSEo1aGNoZldRZVE1azV2OD0iLCJtYWMiOiI2MjIwMjQxYjNmMjk2" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 20:19:08 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkN5UXpkZ0tOQmNzY2VMeUtYaFdwVUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRSswUWZsM1pqblNTUFJwbU9RNytMb09jVXVsMkJUa2VuUDBKckZSWXAzMUJUQndWQ0c5dklQVEJpczR6QjdkREk4Vy9SWTl5ZmlsQmZLYlo1V09KckIyS0dtSWtBM1RNN1MwNTdwN3NDdGZ6K25UV3FUSjViSFMxVmxsM3NQQ3kiLCJtYWMiOiIwMGM4YWZkZmQ5ZTc1YzI5YjNhZGViYjY4YmNjMDAzZDYyN2YzM2JmYzUxMjBjNTA3NjlmMmVkZWQ4M2M5ZjE0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 08:19:08 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkN5UXpkZ0tOQmNzY2VMeUtYaFdwVUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRSswUWZsM1pqblNTUFJwbU9RNytMb09jVXVsMkJUa2VuUDBKckZSWXAzMUJUQndWQ0c5dklQVEJpczR6QjdkREk4Vy9SW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJwd05mWWpFVUdDNU5jMWVmOGU0Rnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSGtSTGtHdXRyY3ZOaGI3ZmQwWTg4cFlBR1VHdzNKRC9od2FoL3ptNzJNNWRXTTRQU2JJYm9lTEM0Y3o2enEveVlFVjFqWkRlK2RKS3JITzNORVZmSUNNZUJOMWFpUHlNTGZ0by9XenVzWkRGK1NCZzVSTHB6WDFCcmh2L3ZXNnMiLCJtYWMiOiI3YjQyYjBkNzRiNTJiMzZjYzQ1MTU5ODMwYjQ1NjA0YTc5YjNmMWNiMDkzYzViN2Y1OTA3YmQwODAzMmE4NWY4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJwd05mWWpFVUdDNU5jMWVmOGU0Rnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSGtSTGtHdXRyY3ZOaGI3ZmQwWTg4cFlBR1VHdzNKRC9od2FoL3ptNzJNNWRXTTRQU2JJYm9lTEM" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkN5UXpkZ0tOQmNzY2VMeUtYaFdwVUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRSswUWZsM1pqblNTUFJwbU9RNytMb09jVXVsMkJUa2VuUDBKckZSWXAzMUJUQndWQ0c5dklQVEJpczR6QjdkREk4Vy9SWTl5ZmlsQmZLYlo1V09KckIyS0dtSWtBM1RNN1MwNTdwN3NDdGZ6K25UV3FUSjViSFMxVmxsM3NQQ3kiLCJtYWMiOiIwMGM4YWZkZmQ5ZTc1YzI5YjNhZGViYjY4YmNjMDAzZDYyN2YzM2JmYzUxMjBjNTA3NjlmMmVkZWQ4M2M5ZjE0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 08:19:08 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkN5UXpkZ0tOQmNzY2VMeUtYaFdwVUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRSswUWZsM1pqblNTUFJwbU9RNytMb09jVXVsMkJUa2VuUDBKckZSWXAzMUJUQndWQ0c5dklQVEJpczR6QjdkREk4Vy9SW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJwd05mWWpFVUdDNU5jMWVmOGU0Rnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSGtSTGtHdXRyY3ZOaGI3ZmQwWTg4cFlBR1VHdzNKRC9od2FoL3ptNzJNNWRXTTRQU2JJYm9lTEM0Y3o2enEveVlFVjFqWkRlK2RKS3JITzNORVZmSUNNZUJOMWFpUHlNTGZ0by9XenVzWkRGK1NCZzVSTHB6WDFCcmh2L3ZXNnMiLCJtYWMiOiI3YjQyYjBkNzRiNTJiMzZjYzQ1MTU5ODMwYjQ1NjA0YTc5YjNmMWNiMDkzYzViN2Y1OTA3YmQwODAzMmE4NWY4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InJwd05mWWpFVUdDNU5jMWVmOGU0Rnc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSGtSTGtHdXRyY3ZOaGI3ZmQwWTg4cFlBR1VHdzNKRC9od2FoL3ptNzJNNWRXTTRQU2JJYm9lTEM" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "cM9EmFr6whnMj822UKKmDSuuRWrXznkFQ7WFkkMw" "uc_cart_id" => "9788551d63d1eb305dc3e8170f6dd196" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/22840" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 20:19:08GET/chapter/22840112182