Abstract
Microglia, the brain resident macrophages perform a wide range of functions
ranging from brain development, equilibrium, maintenance in the brain
microenvironment, injury repair and the preservation of neuronal networks. Cellular
elasticity is a prerequisite for the multi-dimensional tasks performed by microglia.
Epigenetic modulations are critically involved in altering gene expression finely
coordinating with the phenotypic plasticity in microglia. Any change in its tuning
favors the inflammatory state of the brain, which leads to detrimental effects on the
nervous system. The present review offers an insightful exploration into the origin of
microglia, shedding light on its vital functions and the intricate mechanisms that govern
the epigenetic modification of microglia in neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore,
it explores potential avenues for mitigating these diseases.