Fundamentals of Cellular and Molecular Biology

Molecular Basis of Hepatitis C

Author(s): Muneeb Ur Rehman and Hafiz Zain Ul Abideen * .

Pp: 201-211 (11)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815238037124010018

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. The molecular basis of HCV infection and replication has been extensively studied, leading to the identification of vital viral proteins and their interactions with host factors. The HCV genome encodes a single polyprotein cleaved by host and viral proteases into individual proteins, including the core, envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2), p7, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, and NS5B. These viral proteins play critical roles in virus assembly, entry, replication, and evasion of host immune responses. The HCV envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 are responsible for virus attachment and entry into host cells through interactions with various host receptors, including CD81, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), and tight junction proteins. The viral protein NS3 has multiple functions, including protease and helicase activities, which are critical for viral RNA replication. NS5A is an essential component of the viral replication complex and regulates viral RNA replication, virion assembly, and modulation of host immune responses. NS5B is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase responsible for viral RNA synthesis. The molecular mechanisms underlying HCVinduced pathogenesis and the development of chronic infection remain poorly understood. However, recent studies have shed light on the interactions between HCV and host factors, including the innate and adaptive immune responses and the roles of viral proteins in modulating these responses. These insights have led to new antiviral therapies, including direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) that target viral proteins in RNA replication. 

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version181msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[15:33:10] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (96.38ms)time
  • Application (84.97ms)time
  • 1 x Booting (53.14%)
    96.38ms
    1 x Application (46.85%)
    84.97ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    19 statements were executed22.14ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('314545352','',1,1740497590,1740497590) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1740497590
      1.02msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('314545352','/chapter/22296',1,1740497590,1740497590)
      150μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314545352 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314545352) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314545352 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314545352) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 314545352 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314545352) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314545352 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314545352) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314545352 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314545352) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 314545352 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314545352) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314545352 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314545352) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314545352 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314545352) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 314545352 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314545352) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314545352 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314545352) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314545352 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314545352) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 314545352 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314545352) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314545352 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314545352) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314545352 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314545352) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 314545352 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314545352) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314545352 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314545352) limit 1
      10.75msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 314545352
      • 1: 314545352
      • 2: 314545352
      • 3: 314545352
      • 4: 314545352
      • 5: 314545352
      • 6: 314545352
      • 7: 314545352
      • 8: 314545352
      • 9: 314545352
      • 10: 314545352
      • 11: 314545352
      • 12: 314545352
      • 13: 314545352
      • 14: 314545352
      • 15: 314545352
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '22296' limit 1
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 22296
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '22296' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      2.48msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 22296
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '22296'
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 22296
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 1337 limit 1
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 1337
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1337) and se.ebook_id!=1337 and v.ebook_status='1'
      1.38msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1337) and se.ebook_id!=1337 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      680μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1337)
      400μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1337) limit 10 offset 0
      480μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 3705 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      530μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 3705
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 1337 and ebook_volume_id <> 3705 limit 1
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 1337
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '22296' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '3705' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      310μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314545352 and j.to_ip >=314545352 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497590 and j.to_date >= 1740497590 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3705) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314545352 and j.to_ip >=314545352 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497590 and j.to_date >= 1740497590 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3705) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314545352 and j.to_ip >=314545352 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497590 and j.to_date >= 1740497590 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3705)
      620μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314545352 and j.to_ip >=314545352 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497590 and j.to_date >= 1740497590 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 22296) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314545352 and j.to_ip >=314545352 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497590 and j.to_date >= 1740497590 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 22296) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314545352 and j.to_ip >=314545352 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740497590 and j.to_date >= 1740497590 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 22296)
      640μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3705 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740497590 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740497590 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.12msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3705
      • 3: 1740497590
      • 4: 1740497590
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='beae7edba34b424b5e87589b48cf3430'
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        Nu0izIyVMg71AzY59aNc05FGzv083btyqCQvVi3l
        uc_cart_id
        beae7edba34b424b5e87589b48cf3430
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/22296" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/22296
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InVvNERPVjA3VUkzb0s2elhRdVErVXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSnNpWmtBT0hnOXNOYUg4eGtNOU82QXQ1dXAvbFY1SC9leHFoS1k0cmcyZz0iLCJtYWMiOiJjMmI1NDQ5ZDc2ZWY4ODQ1YWRhNTFlNzcyZDY1YThiMDJlOTBiZDI0NWRlYWM5NDZjNTk2ZmMxMmRjMjcxOWNkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkdJL2haRkRoU2JJWS9JMllxLy9tQ2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQ0swSXdVVVZXZ2ZZUlJ2ZU5URm5RV3RiNG9uRW1yVDhvUlRaZjhldkFrbnpqMlN0RHIzNzdwS0NPUEc1Nm50czBhUlNCcHNVU3UxUUJEbzE3MXpPclFkeE1nZHpPakxQbEtvZUI1ZEF4Nk1PMkhIaUZjbGZhb3FJaXBHMFFvZnYiLCJtYWMiOiI2NWNhZGQwZWE0MmZjNDk5OTNlNzM5MDU4MTMzYzFjOTY4ZTYyMTBmYWU5OGI5MjUzNjE2YTgxMTQ3NzdjNWE0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlU3TTlrSjVsU3puRWMxQkdVOXhFZ2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNkFWWklVdFpPWGM4OGJZZklWbnd1OUVHS044UVJEbzkwTEJLUUh6NXZhcTFhWkF5eldvSlR3ZTBBZkhFMjJOSm05OGYwSU12SXRVRVJIZlExR0xPZHEzb2I4VGdwRGh1MnJDMlBCd0ZHN0JVd0VjUHl0VEl5bXlTTjUyMU1TbFoiLCJtYWMiOiIxYjQ0MGMwYjdiMzlmNzgyMWNjZGU3ZTE2MjM1ZmY0YWNkYTZhMDYyMjQ2ZWEzMzQ1YmEyZjMxNDE1M2MzZDZkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InVvNERPVjA3VUkzb0s2elhRdVErVXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSnNpWmtBT0hnOXNOYUg4eGtNOU82QXQ1dXAvbFY1SC9leHFoS1k0cmcyZz0iLCJtYWMiOiJjMmI1NDQ5ZDc2ZWY4" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:3 [ "wayfindertarget" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "Nu0izIyVMg71AzY59aNc05FGzv083btyqCQvVi3l" "alphaeurekaselectnet_session" => "3v6fxYtur4PYy5oopvB1yij7QHz5FBchks4Pc0Ap" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 15:33:10 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IklwV2xNRTA4Kzl4WXVJSFJCeEJMUUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZzFYK3RaU1J0cTBuOXhiWHU0UWNsSm84Y3Y2czF3akh5bDZyNW45T3VzQU03djJFM1loL3RkQ0VwQWg2SUdhUUZxMGpLb3VvU1F4bmpUQjJweXZ6NFBLaHlHR3Z4YWoxN0RSZHZnMkJuMHVmcmErUTZTdlN0YlM4dlJZd3VsdlkiLCJtYWMiOiIwNTViNjFjMTMzZDZhZjRkODE0ZGYxMjIyZWU3MjU3Njc2Njg5MTczNWYzZDY3ZGFhMWZhYWY4MDJjZjYyNjg0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 03:33:10 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IklwV2xNRTA4Kzl4WXVJSFJCeEJMUUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZzFYK3RaU1J0cTBuOXhiWHU0UWNsSm84Y3Y2czF3akh5bDZyNW45T3VzQU03djJFM1loL3RkQ0VwQWg2SUdhUUZxMGpLb" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlhabHNDTDAxNmJsdTJ3N1o0RkwzVXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieWIrcTdlUXoxcVkvU2lYLzFVTVZrcWtyZ1FieCs2cnhhR2xTMHh0N2d0UTlqRURMT2I5ZDNsdklhMHI0ZDRIQXg1ckFuamVOVnBXRExLaVVFUk9ROUpuaklyYXZGaTFvakJQYVNPV0RkbkNmOVkwa20raGdTTHNaTzZKaGl5QnkiLCJtYWMiOiI3ODNjMzg5NmUyMGYwNTgzYTJiYzUwYzRiZjE3ZmZmMzZkOGI0MzgyYTIyYjE0NTg0MGY5NTk1MjdiZTlkMzc2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlhabHNDTDAxNmJsdTJ3N1o0RkwzVXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieWIrcTdlUXoxcVkvU2lYLzFVTVZrcWtyZ1FieCs2cnhhR2xTMHh0N2d0UTlqRURMT2I5ZDNsdkl" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IklwV2xNRTA4Kzl4WXVJSFJCeEJMUUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZzFYK3RaU1J0cTBuOXhiWHU0UWNsSm84Y3Y2czF3akh5bDZyNW45T3VzQU03djJFM1loL3RkQ0VwQWg2SUdhUUZxMGpLb3VvU1F4bmpUQjJweXZ6NFBLaHlHR3Z4YWoxN0RSZHZnMkJuMHVmcmErUTZTdlN0YlM4dlJZd3VsdlkiLCJtYWMiOiIwNTViNjFjMTMzZDZhZjRkODE0ZGYxMjIyZWU3MjU3Njc2Njg5MTczNWYzZDY3ZGFhMWZhYWY4MDJjZjYyNjg0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 03:33:10 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IklwV2xNRTA4Kzl4WXVJSFJCeEJMUUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZzFYK3RaU1J0cTBuOXhiWHU0UWNsSm84Y3Y2czF3akh5bDZyNW45T3VzQU03djJFM1loL3RkQ0VwQWg2SUdhUUZxMGpLb" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlhabHNDTDAxNmJsdTJ3N1o0RkwzVXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieWIrcTdlUXoxcVkvU2lYLzFVTVZrcWtyZ1FieCs2cnhhR2xTMHh0N2d0UTlqRURMT2I5ZDNsdklhMHI0ZDRIQXg1ckFuamVOVnBXRExLaVVFUk9ROUpuaklyYXZGaTFvakJQYVNPV0RkbkNmOVkwa20raGdTTHNaTzZKaGl5QnkiLCJtYWMiOiI3ODNjMzg5NmUyMGYwNTgzYTJiYzUwYzRiZjE3ZmZmMzZkOGI0MzgyYTIyYjE0NTg0MGY5NTk1MjdiZTlkMzc2IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlhabHNDTDAxNmJsdTJ3N1o0RkwzVXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieWIrcTdlUXoxcVkvU2lYLzFVTVZrcWtyZ1FieCs2cnhhR2xTMHh0N2d0UTlqRURMT2I5ZDNsdkl" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "Nu0izIyVMg71AzY59aNc05FGzv083btyqCQvVi3l" "uc_cart_id" => "beae7edba34b424b5e87589b48cf3430" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/22296" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 15:33:10GET/chapter/22296112192