In Memory of Ethics: A Dissection of Ethical and Social Issues in Pakistani Professional Healthcare Practice

In vitro Fertilization - An Insight into Ethical Issues

Author(s): Anushe Munir, Arooj Arshad and Shiza Malik * .

Pp: 117-125 (9)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815223859124010016

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

IVF (In vitro fertilization), by definition, is a complex series of procedures used to treat fertility or genetic problems and assist with the conception of a child. Reproduction is a basic human right and an inborn instinct, the existence of which no one can deny; however, sometimes nature does not allow a man to fulfill this desire. In this modern world, people no longer take ‘No’ for an answer to nature and fate incidences, and for this reason, many who are unable to conceive naturally opt for medical procedures like IVF to become parents artificially. The initial concept behind IVF aimed to help married couples have children, but as times progressed, numerous ethical issues have emerged. This chapter briefly explains some aspects of in vitro fertilization, including its introduction, historical background, types, prevalence, different ethical issues related to it and its deviation from the bioethics principles.

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      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
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      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
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      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      560μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3694 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739835120 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739835120 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.02msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3694
      • 3: 1739835120
      • 4: 1739835120
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='679407a074cc605d1ace3cdcf3b3510e'
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
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        uc_cart_id
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        _flash
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        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
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        path_info
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        status_code
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        status_text
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        format
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        content_type
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        request_query
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        request_request
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        request_headers
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:32:00GET/chapter/22068112182