Abstract
The development of more intricately constructed molecules and drug
delivery systems as a result of technological breakthroughs has increased our
understanding of the complexities of disease and allowed us to identify a wide range of
therapeutic targets. New drug combinations can be designed by correctly using
dynamical systems-based PK/PD models. The unswerving approach that offers a better
knowledge and understanding of therapeutic efficacy and safety is the use of
pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling in drug research. In vivo,
animal testing or in vitro bioassay is used to forecast efficacy and safety in people.
Model-based simulation using primary pharmacodynamic models for direct and
indirect responses is used to elucidate the assumption of a fictitious minimal effective
concentration or threshold in the exposure-response relationship of many medicines. In
this current review, we have abridged the basic PK-PD modeling concepts of drug
delivery and documented how they can be used in current research and development.