Abstract
Human activities are the principal source of various kinds of hazardous
substances in our environment, which have serious consequencesfor the well-being of
the environment and people. Using standard means to lessen, degrade, and eliminate
these substances is usually causing harmful effects to environment. Pesticides, crude oil
sludge, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic, mutagenic, and
carcinogenic in nature. It has recently been shown to be possible to use microorganisms
to breakdown and cleanse contaminated soil and water ecosystems, a process known as
bio-reclamation. Biosurfactants, which are amphiphillic chemicals generated by
bacteria, fungus, and yeast, have immense potential to lower the surface tension of a
liquid as well as tension at the interface between 2 liquids or among a liquid and a
solid. Additionally, bio surfactants strongly emulsify hydrophobic substances and
create stable emulsions. Bio emulsifiers and biosurfactants are especially useful in a
wide range of commercial and scientific applications, including pharmaceuticals, better
oil recovery, and pollutant biodegradation. Thus, using biosurfactants to reduce crude
oil pollution is an environmentally responsible strategy to developing a sustainable
ecosystem.