Blockchain and IoT based Smart Healthcare Systems

Authentication Techniques for Human Monitoring in Closed Environment

Author(s): V. Vishu* and R. Manimegalai

Pp: 260-279 (20)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815196290124010019

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Human monitoring and trailing in a blocked or closed environment such as a jail or psychological shelter is an important research concern. Industry 4.0 has enabled the monitoring of physically or mentally challenged people in asylums and criminals who are sentenced to serve their terms in jails with various tools such as sensors, wireless systems and sophisticated cameras. The hidden nature of monitoring and reporting in closed environments without any new technologies such as IoT, RFID, etc., may lead to ill-treatment of the inmates in the above-mentioned places. The traditional physical monitoring system can end up with wrong reports about the inmates and can hide the real scenarios. Personal opinions and characteristics of officials as well as the prisoners may vary based on their health and behavioral patterns. The automation of human monitoring involves monitoring of security, activity, fitness, and health factors of the inmates in the closed environment. The human-activity monitoring is carried out by acquiring and analyzing the body signals of the inmates. Passive tags are attached to the wristband of each person in the RFID human monitoring systems. Minimal human intervention and effort is one of the biggest advantages of the human monitoring system. Authentication, intelligent decision making and minimum use of resources are the main challenges in designing a human monitoring system. Intelligent decision making algorithms are applied to predict human behavioral patterns. This work gives a summary of different authentication protocols and methodologies used with the Internet of Things (IoT) and RFID devices in human monitoring systems. It presents the components and infrastructure of a typical human monitoring system and summarizes the sensors and IoT devices used for the same. A wide investigation is conducted on security and privacy issues while storing the private and confidential details of the inmates. A comprehensive survey on different authentication techniques and data security issues in closed human monitoring is presented in this work.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314536017 and j.to_ip >=314536017 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848496 and j.to_date >= 1739848496 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 21627) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314536017 and j.to_ip >=314536017 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848496 and j.to_date >= 1739848496 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 21627) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314536017 and j.to_ip >=314536017 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848496 and j.to_date >= 1739848496 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 21627)
      660μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3668 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739848496 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739848496 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.44msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3668
      • 3: 1739848496
      • 4: 1739848496
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='3c2df0cd546c038ac5fe3b787b0407a5'
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        H3roX4oyINMkf7qr3PVBo0QM9xOXNK4LaJwz6cCt
        uc_cart_id
        3c2df0cd546c038ac5fe3b787b0407a5
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/21627" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/21627
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 03:14:56 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlFPL0laWmFQcG1pQXV3RjExQ0tJZ0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQk1PSUtyZEpHSHFkK25tZHJaRDl0T3ZyYWxqN1pGM0c1ZnRmYjY1SWRjOXJrNHBlS1F0cjJoQk9vdjR5bDB4V0tmOFpZMmtJVXZjOEFoSVVOWUsxQi9uSFAxRUxKNlZEUHlvMG9ua2JSVjNtWS9nODIwMGpXTzF6ZUNNY2FEUEUiLCJtYWMiOiI3N2NjYzllYjlmNGFkYzgxZTcyNGY5Y2RhZDUyYTMyOTE4NjEwNjNlYjU2MGQxYzE1ZDYwYjg1NzU1MzE0NmQxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 15:14:56 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlFPL0laWmFQcG1pQXV3RjExQ0tJZ0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQk1PSUtyZEpHSHFkK25tZHJaRDl0T3ZyYWxqN1pGM0c1ZnRmYjY1SWRjOXJrNHBlS1F0cjJoQk9vdjR5bDB4V0tmOFpZM" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Im5Lc0R4M05yWUVieFFIb2kwS2xLN1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOFNJQ3Z6b2x0WDYwMVlzRE9GbnBZVUtZWFUxV1l5ZUpoUDcwbWdld1g1V1hQVHRZRnZVaUQzQ0dsNmxFbC8zWEdKQVRxVkFVNWV2bmZmMXcwV3NHQmg4U3NrejBwKzdwTU9jSVdLT2paemZjdWpqNFgvWnp1d3dOVm1GZHRydDAiLCJtYWMiOiI2OTM0NjRlMjQ4NzRjYzE0OTFlOTAwOWRhMmQyMWRjZTA3ZmQ4N2Y4YTFkNDE0ZTY1MjA2YWQ2Yzg0MDUwN2NmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Im5Lc0R4M05yWUVieFFIb2kwS2xLN1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOFNJQ3Z6b2x0WDYwMVlzRE9GbnBZVUtZWFUxV1l5ZUpoUDcwbWdld1g1V1hQVHRZRnZVaUQzQ0d" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlFPL0laWmFQcG1pQXV3RjExQ0tJZ0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQk1PSUtyZEpHSHFkK25tZHJaRDl0T3ZyYWxqN1pGM0c1ZnRmYjY1SWRjOXJrNHBlS1F0cjJoQk9vdjR5bDB4V0tmOFpZMmtJVXZjOEFoSVVOWUsxQi9uSFAxRUxKNlZEUHlvMG9ua2JSVjNtWS9nODIwMGpXTzF6ZUNNY2FEUEUiLCJtYWMiOiI3N2NjYzllYjlmNGFkYzgxZTcyNGY5Y2RhZDUyYTMyOTE4NjEwNjNlYjU2MGQxYzE1ZDYwYjg1NzU1MzE0NmQxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 15:14:56 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlFPL0laWmFQcG1pQXV3RjExQ0tJZ0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQk1PSUtyZEpHSHFkK25tZHJaRDl0T3ZyYWxqN1pGM0c1ZnRmYjY1SWRjOXJrNHBlS1F0cjJoQk9vdjR5bDB4V0tmOFpZM" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Im5Lc0R4M05yWUVieFFIb2kwS2xLN1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOFNJQ3Z6b2x0WDYwMVlzRE9GbnBZVUtZWFUxV1l5ZUpoUDcwbWdld1g1V1hQVHRZRnZVaUQzQ0dsNmxFbC8zWEdKQVRxVkFVNWV2bmZmMXcwV3NHQmg4U3NrejBwKzdwTU9jSVdLT2paemZjdWpqNFgvWnp1d3dOVm1GZHRydDAiLCJtYWMiOiI2OTM0NjRlMjQ4NzRjYzE0OTFlOTAwOWRhMmQyMWRjZTA3ZmQ4N2Y4YTFkNDE0ZTY1MjA2YWQ2Yzg0MDUwN2NmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Im5Lc0R4M05yWUVieFFIb2kwS2xLN1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOFNJQ3Z6b2x0WDYwMVlzRE9GbnBZVUtZWFUxV1l5ZUpoUDcwbWdld1g1V1hQVHRZRnZVaUQzQ0d" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "H3roX4oyINMkf7qr3PVBo0QM9xOXNK4LaJwz6cCt" "uc_cart_id" => "3c2df0cd546c038ac5fe3b787b0407a5" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/21627" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 03:14:56GET/chapter/21627112182