Animal Models In Experimental Medicine

Animal Models in Dentistry

Author(s): Jana Ali Alnajim*, Huda Abdullah Almutairi and Khalid Jamal Alanazi

Pp: 172-198 (27)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815196382124010012

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Dentistry is a medical specialty that deals with teeth and gums, and animal models play an important part in its research and teaching. The use of animal models dates back centuries, and animals such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and horses have been utilized to investigate dental diseases and the anatomy and function of teeth. The selection criteria for animal models include their human-like physiology, the accessibility of relevant genetic resources, and usability and affordability. Animals are employed for research on various dental conditions, such as periodontal disease, dental caries, and oral cancer. Periodontitis is a dangerous gum infection that can lead to tooth loss, frequently brought on by a lack of oral hygiene. Dental caries are studied in animal models, and new preventative and therapeutic methods are explored. Oral cancer is studied, and its course and therapies are tested using animal models. The use of test methods specified by the International Organization for Standardization has helped to evaluate the biological reaction of various dental substances. Hamsters, which are usually correlated to mice, are employed to examine the features of periodontal and cariogenic diseases. Disease transmission can be studied in these animals as well. The dog periodontium is the one that most closely resembles that of humans. Canine periodontal disease is highly reflective of its human counterpart, and gingival recession is a hallmark of periodontitis in dogs, as it is in humans. Although animal models have been instrumental in the field of dentistry, there is not a single animal model that adequately replicates human soft and hard tissues, and it is crucial to choose an experimental model in light of the goals of the study.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 58841643 and j.to_ip >=58841643 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848234 and j.to_date >= 1739848234 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 21469) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 58841643 and j.to_ip >=58841643 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848234 and j.to_date >= 1739848234 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 21469) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 58841643 and j.to_ip >=58841643 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848234 and j.to_date >= 1739848234 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 21469)
      520μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3657 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739848234 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739848234 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3657
      • 3: 1739848234
      • 4: 1739848234
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='175ad5c81d19dfd2f7ab91aec5f5cb18'
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        6uDg2MP5jh8PwUeKNbK9zvGaxTwU4bAwwvcBQgmr
        uc_cart_id
        175ad5c81d19dfd2f7ab91aec5f5cb18
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/21469" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/21469
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:6 [ "_ga" => null "_ga_9F3B5VV3T3" => null "fpestid" => null "wayfindertarget" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "6uDg2MP5jh8PwUeKNbK9zvGaxTwU4bAwwvcBQgmr" "alphaeurekaselectnet_session" => "g8LvclSQ3hMFdgCz8n5ZDSp8V6ic72lCxjhmmb5C" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
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        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "6uDg2MP5jh8PwUeKNbK9zvGaxTwU4bAwwvcBQgmr" "uc_cart_id" => "175ad5c81d19dfd2f7ab91aec5f5cb18" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/21469" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 03:10:34GET/chapter/21469112192