Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Choroidal and Vitreoretinal Disorders - Part 1

Nomenclature and Current Indications of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Diseases of the Choroid and Retina

Author(s): Sergio E. Hernandez Da Mota MD*, Jesus H. Gonzalez-Cortes and Renata Garcia-Franco

Pp: 73-113 (41)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815124095123010007

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

One of the most significant developments in ocular imaging in the last century was optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCT angiography (OCT-A), an extension of OCT technology, offers depth-resolved images of the blood flow in the choroid-retina that are much more detailed than those produced by earlier imaging techniques such as fluorescein angiography (FA). Due to its requirements of novel tools and processing methods, the prevailing imaging constraints, the rapid improvements in imaging technology, and our knowledge of the imaging and relevant pathology of the retina and choroid, this novel modality has been challenging to implement in daily clinical practice. Even those familiar with dye-based ocular angiography will find that mastering OCT-A technology requires a steep learning curve due to these issues. Potential applications of OCT-A include almost all diseases of the choroid and retina, as well as anterior segment diseases. Currently, the most common indications are age-related macular degeneration and ischemic retinopathies, including diabetic retinopathy and retinal occlusive vascular disorders. Incorporating OCT-A into multimodal imaging for the comprehensive assessment of retinal pathology is a fast-growing area, and it has expanded our knowledge of these complex diseases in terms of diagnosis and treatment. This review describes the current main indications of OCT-A in retinal and choroidal diseases.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316522063 and j.to_ip >=316522063 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834607 and j.to_date >= 1739834607 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 21247) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316522063 and j.to_ip >=316522063 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834607 and j.to_date >= 1739834607 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 21247) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316522063 and j.to_ip >=316522063 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834607 and j.to_date >= 1739834607 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 21247)
      620μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3643 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834607 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834607 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.05msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3643
      • 3: 1739834607
      • 4: 1739834607
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='54275dd44336f3a2506df8043ab7388e'
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        eV4vxPinQDUyg330UUVT9tFkc20TvSwjqP1btzyG
        uc_cart_id
        54275dd44336f3a2506df8043ab7388e
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/21247" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/21247
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:23:27GET/chapter/21247112192