Image Processing for Embedded Devices

Quality Metrics

Author(s): Ivana Guarneri

Pp: 310-342 (33)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805170011001010310

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

The image quality depends on compromises made in the design of the algorithms and devices for image capture, transfer, storage, and display. Quality assessment plays, consequently, a decisive role to successfully promote image processing algorithms and system performances. The evaluation of image quality is basically a human issue, but subjective metrics are computationally expensive and not practical for real-time applications. So, in the last decades, a great deal of efforts has been put into the development of objective quality metrics able to automatically predict perceived quality. To design an objective measure capable to be in close agreement with subjective test is a difficult task because the human visual system has a multifaceted structure and is not totally known. The tracked problem is to emulate human vision which is a cognitive activity and not a pure image sensor process. In this Chapter a classification of quality indexes, from classical to recent approaches is reported. For a better understanding of quality assessment topic, some of the principal human phenomena involved in the development of objective perceptual metrics are also explained.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221922387 and j.to_ip >=221922387 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834843 and j.to_date >= 1739834843 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 2120) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221922387 and j.to_ip >=221922387 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834843 and j.to_date >= 1739834843 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 2120) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221922387 and j.to_ip >=221922387 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834843 and j.to_date >= 1739834843 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 2120)
      570μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 937 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834843 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834843 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.05msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 937
      • 3: 1739834843
      • 4: 1739834843
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='5d53b5cd4ef9793165b576718e0d72af'
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Keywords
    1Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        QSNTESKMmhoHAH38NUWqBcHaFQ4j3VkKQJZhgfyv
        uc_cart_id
        5d53b5cd4ef9793165b576718e0d72af
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/2120" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/2120
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjZWa1NadE9oSkRHSlV1ZnpmWTVkTmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieVVNdmd5RkdmYlpDTzc2WFhjWEF0c3pXdWR1NnZPSmlEVFQ2MjgwNms4OEl1UHBjdlJlTGVBbms0N3NVK1dSRSIsIm1hYyI6ImNkYWYwYmYwZTgzYjRjNzEzMDVlNzI1NmY2ZDJhM2Q2ZDIwNjg3NzRjOWIzNGViM2M3ODYwMjdlN2QxODhmY2UiLCJ0YWciOiIifQ%3D%3D; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImdsYWFLOUtBVnFSK3VtTGdYSHRUeXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWFFNWUdrMWNEUXdIVzJKZWIvaVRoalNWTnl4V1NkR1RjNWg4MDlkWlhtTU9HU2svOHVTcTNCL1RzdEhjeEVIS0hHdjArTldTTlZsdENwUHhLZmk2RUcvekdwdzBUNzhxL2sxc2NNMlh1K0Qza29xQ2o0U2MzclNaTyt3RjBUUDYiLCJtYWMiOiJmMzc1NDkwY2U0Yjk4ODcxMzBlNzU5ZWMxNDQ0NjM0Y2JkNmZjZjRlZTRlYTFjMzI1YzMzZmY1OGI5NjBlN2ZhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Im1WdjlFQWhmejRoSTVNV2pDV1REZFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUHFjcDNidGlUN3cydVJSb1QxV2g4RWlERXJBNkc0dGNYNEJxY3RpejNTWVhrY0tyWURSOGtRdy84YVRIdlJrdjQrTHMyK0IzK2phckNBSVpQUTV6NWVxdUtiSCs4U1VXbWFsNXMvOU5sMy9hR05Gak1kUFg0MG1zc21MYWhTR24iLCJtYWMiOiI2MjNmYmE5MDdmZWQ2ODFlOTVhMDAyZTQzOWFiMjEwMjQ2YjljNzJlZWFhNjljOGVhZTMzYWZjNmI2YjUzN2JhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjZWa1NadE9oSkRHSlV1ZnpmWTVkTmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieVVNdmd5RkdmYlpDTzc2WFhjWEF0c3pXdWR1NnZPSmlEVFQ2MjgwNms4OEl1UHBjdlJlTGVBbms0N3NVK1dSRSIs" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
        0 of 0
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        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "QSNTESKMmhoHAH38NUWqBcHaFQ4j3VkKQJZhgfyv" "uc_cart_id" => "5d53b5cd4ef9793165b576718e0d72af" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/2120" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:27:23GET/chapter/2120112193