Abstract
The liver is composed of hepatocytes, biliary epithelial cells, Kupffer cells,
stellate cells, and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. It also plays an important role in
the digestive system and immune system at the same time. The different types of
hepatitis, including viral liver diseases, autoimmune liver diseases, and metabolic liver
diseases, are all closely related to osteoporosis. People with liver disease have a
significantly higher risk of developing osteoporosis than people without hepatitis.
Fibrosis is part of the wound-healing response that maintains organs after tissue injury,
but excessive fibrosis may also contribute to a variety of human diseases. Hepatic
stellate cells are the key to liver fibrosis. The apoptotic hepatocytes stimulate fibrosis in
hepatic myofibroblasts, and activated hepatic stellate cells are the main source of
myofibroblasts in the liver. Activated hepatic stellate cells possess many voltage-operated calcium channels. Changes in the concentration of calcium ions mediate
hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrosis regression. The skeleton is one of the main
regulatory mechanisms of calcium ions in the body. Therefore, chronic hepatitis leads
to a disturbance of calcium homeostasis in vivo, which may be one of the factors
causing bone loss.