Abstract
Mathematics is the rock-solid foundation of everything that happens when
science is present, and it is also extremely important in the field of data science since
mathematical ideas assist discover models and facilitate the development of algorithms.
But, the concepts they present and the tools they enable are the only reasons statistics
and arithmetic are so crucial to data science. There is a particular type of mathematical
reasoning that is necessary to grasp data, beyond the fundamentals of calculus, discrete
mathematics, and linear algebra. For the implementation of such algorithms in data
science, a thorough understanding of the various principles of probability and statistics
is essential. Machine learning is one of the many modern data science techniques that
has a strong mathematical base. The evidence presented in this chapter backs up our
earlier claim that math and statistics are the fields that offer the greatest tools and
approaches for extracting structure from data. For newcomers coming from other
professions to data science, math proficiency is crucial.