Abstract
Cancer, a condition caused by unregulated cell proliferation, has elevated the
global mortality rate that was rising on a daily basis. The treatments for cancer have
numerous adverse effects on patients’ lives. To enhance this treatment, probiotics and
their metabolites (postbiotics) play an important role in the prevention and treatment of
cancer. The mechanisms behind probiotic anti-tumor and/or anti-cancer actions are not
yet comprehended. Numerous studies demonstrate that probiotics are useful in cancer
prevention and treatment. The majority of which are involved in balancing microbiota,
producing essential compounds containing beneficial effects and anti-tumor and cancer
activity, preventing pathogen infection, modulating the host immunity, reducing
inflammation, and in alleviating the severity of some risk factors. Few studies advise
that they should not be used, emphasizing the risk of infection to patients. This chapter
provides an overview of skin cancer, skin microbiome, gut microbiome, and its
implications in skin cancer, as well as probiotic and postbiotic therapeutic approaches.