Microcirculation and Insulin Resistance

Importance of Microparticles in Microcirculation and Diseases

Author(s): Maria Carmen Martinez and Ramaroson Andriantsitohaina

Pp: 91-98 (8)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805057410901010091

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Although generation of microparticles from stimulated cells is a universal event of the cell life, little is known about the mechanisms regulating this process. Only in the last ten years, microparticles are considered as vectors of biological information between cells. Levels of circulating microparticles are enhanced in a large number of cardiovascular pathologies including changes in the microcirculation associated with insulino-resistance and this has been associated with deleterious effects on cells from vascular wall, mainly, endothelial cells. However, under several conditions, microparticles released from different vascular cells can induce beneficial effects, such as repair of injured tissue favoring angiogenesis, release of nitric oxide from injured endothelium, for instance. This review emphasizes the increasing significance of microparticles in major cardiovascular pathological situations, as well as, the recent progress in the identification of other biological functions for microparticles, mainly, considering microparticles as potential therapeutic tools.

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      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
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      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
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      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      990μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59072082 and j.to_ip >=59072082 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740496688 and j.to_date >= 1740496688 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 1913) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59072082 and j.to_ip >=59072082 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740496688 and j.to_date >= 1740496688 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 1913) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59072082 and j.to_ip >=59072082 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740496688 and j.to_date >= 1740496688 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 1913)
      860μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 924 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740496688 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740496688 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.37msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 924
      • 3: 1740496688
      • 4: 1740496688
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='07c0c3075f4ea5514268b63197fdb637'
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Keywords
    1Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        OW7sP3VWAxQHR5hFl9WK2ichYcstEoNBP2WQjOCz
        uc_cart_id
        07c0c3075f4ea5514268b63197fdb637
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/1913" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/1913
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InJwR1IvaktPV0FHaG9pQTRmN0c1UkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiR21DVzdlRUpSd3daTWhBa0ZiWmdxbWRFMUJRS3hOWk1INGtVeUtrR2pkbz0iLCJtYWMiOiIyY2Q0YjM3ZDFmM2QyZDQyMTVkZmI2ZjdjYjY2NTA2M2I3YTMwODkzY2M0OTYxMDljYmFkNzNlNmM5NmUyZWRjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InJwR1IvaktPV0FHaG9pQTRmN0c1UkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiR21DVzdlRUpSd3daTWhBa0ZiWmdxbWRFMUJRS3hOWk1INGtVeUtrR2pkbz0iLCJtYWMiOiIyY2Q0YjM3ZDFmM2Qy" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 15:18:08 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkxGa0hoeTREVHdoZFNQa2E5RGZaMEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibEtxMGplMXo0aGZ0TGthNWU3eVN5RDJqODVrN3kyMHUxVG16S0w5TW82WXNEVEovMlpEV0pCSjBOM2xyc1JZSy9nMHlZbCtNQy9wMmxFY0thNmVHR2lhNjJ0Y1FzejZxcVlQK25ZaFhhbk1iU2xEQTFiV0pubWlXYWgyN0xId1MiLCJtYWMiOiI1MGNlNzdjNThlZTAwOWE2M2I0MjE3NmY4OWNiMjE3YzY5YzRiN2JkNWYyYWYzNmU0OTZkZjdjOGEwZWZhNjA5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 03:18:08 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkxGa0hoeTREVHdoZFNQa2E5RGZaMEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibEtxMGplMXo0aGZ0TGthNWU3eVN5RDJqODVrN3kyMHUxVG16S0w5TW82WXNEVEovMlpEV0pCSjBOM2xyc1JZSy9nMHlZb" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ims0cjIzVmxGUDloeUgyZHBYaFJFT0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYVQ5STFiSTA5c3lsOUdzeUIrS3VRcVdFVjBtNHFSQzgydmp2ZXZDcHA0d2ZGQWlVdCtvU25mT0s0b2t3K1M2YnA2MEZKamxpS3dYWktPWHl5eDh5K2dUZ25wZmR3WDZQUVo0blp0bXpXc2U2ZlFvN0taT1FVOGFwSVlPVzBTb2ciLCJtYWMiOiIwMWZkNGQyNDA0MzRhZTgxYTI3NTc4NjRkODNiM2FiNjQwYjc1Y2UyYWRkZmZhNzg3MGU0YzI0M2RlZDlhN2JkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ims0cjIzVmxGUDloeUgyZHBYaFJFT0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYVQ5STFiSTA5c3lsOUdzeUIrS3VRcVdFVjBtNHFSQzgydmp2ZXZDcHA0d2ZGQWlVdCtvU25mT0s" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkxGa0hoeTREVHdoZFNQa2E5RGZaMEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibEtxMGplMXo0aGZ0TGthNWU3eVN5RDJqODVrN3kyMHUxVG16S0w5TW82WXNEVEovMlpEV0pCSjBOM2xyc1JZSy9nMHlZbCtNQy9wMmxFY0thNmVHR2lhNjJ0Y1FzejZxcVlQK25ZaFhhbk1iU2xEQTFiV0pubWlXYWgyN0xId1MiLCJtYWMiOiI1MGNlNzdjNThlZTAwOWE2M2I0MjE3NmY4OWNiMjE3YzY5YzRiN2JkNWYyYWYzNmU0OTZkZjdjOGEwZWZhNjA5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 03:18:08 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkxGa0hoeTREVHdoZFNQa2E5RGZaMEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibEtxMGplMXo0aGZ0TGthNWU3eVN5RDJqODVrN3kyMHUxVG16S0w5TW82WXNEVEovMlpEV0pCSjBOM2xyc1JZSy9nMHlZb" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ims0cjIzVmxGUDloeUgyZHBYaFJFT0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYVQ5STFiSTA5c3lsOUdzeUIrS3VRcVdFVjBtNHFSQzgydmp2ZXZDcHA0d2ZGQWlVdCtvU25mT0s0b2t3K1M2YnA2MEZKamxpS3dYWktPWHl5eDh5K2dUZ25wZmR3WDZQUVo0blp0bXpXc2U2ZlFvN0taT1FVOGFwSVlPVzBTb2ciLCJtYWMiOiIwMWZkNGQyNDA0MzRhZTgxYTI3NTc4NjRkODNiM2FiNjQwYjc1Y2UyYWRkZmZhNzg3MGU0YzI0M2RlZDlhN2JkIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ims0cjIzVmxGUDloeUgyZHBYaFJFT0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYVQ5STFiSTA5c3lsOUdzeUIrS3VRcVdFVjBtNHFSQzgydmp2ZXZDcHA0d2ZGQWlVdCtvU25mT0s" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "OW7sP3VWAxQHR5hFl9WK2ichYcstEoNBP2WQjOCz" "uc_cart_id" => "07c0c3075f4ea5514268b63197fdb637" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/1913" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 15:18:08GET/chapter/1913112193