The Practice of Sleep Medicine Around The World: Challenges, Knowledge Gaps and Unique Needs

Sleep Medicine in Iran: Current Practice, Challenges, and Future Direction

Author(s): Arezu Najafi* and Khosro Sadeghniiat-Haghighi

Pp: 167-180 (14)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815049367123010017

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

The Iranian Sleep Medicine (ISM) Society, established in 2005, has worked to increase public knowledge of how important sleep is to maintain health in the community and safety on the roads. The ISM has also had a strong role in the implementation of sleep tests and laboratory standards in collaboration with the Ministry of Health, training sleep specialists to diagnose and treat sleep disorders, certifying sleep labs to ISM standards, and conducting much needed research to improve sleep amongst Iranians. In this chapter, we will first introduce the current healthcare system highlighting the practice of sleep medicine in Iran. Next, we identify three challenges in delivering sleep medicine to millions of Iranians with potential solutions. The challenges are: (1) a limited number of trained sleep medicine specialists unequally distributed across all districts; (2) a limited number of certified sleep labs; (3) the need for insurance to pay for the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and insomnia. Lastly, we present future directions for Iranian sleep research including much needed population-based studies to assess the prevalence of sleep disorders. While much progress has been made since 2005 to improve sleep health in Iran, we still have much work to do to reach our goal of significantly reducing disparities and promoting sleep medicine all over Iran toward a healthier future.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314538714 and j.to_ip >=314538714 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739835111 and j.to_date >= 1739835111 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 18697) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314538714 and j.to_ip >=314538714 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739835111 and j.to_date >= 1739835111 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 18697) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314538714 and j.to_ip >=314538714 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739835111 and j.to_date >= 1739835111 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 18697)
      600μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3466 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739835111 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739835111 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.06msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3466
      • 3: 1739835111
      • 4: 1739835111
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='0a6cfc7fb4126a387aac120894f40f7a'
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        RzbPM2c6SE3BUAaZhkwUjN45yTKixuYBcC7TOFwv
        uc_cart_id
        0a6cfc7fb4126a387aac120894f40f7a
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/18697" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/18697
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
        0 of 0
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:31:51GET/chapter/18697112192