Indopathy for Neuroprotection: Recent Advances

Neuroprotective Effect of Ginkgo Biloba and its Role in Alzheimer’s Disease

Author(s): Divya Raj Prasad*, Bipin Maurya* and Aparna Mishra

Pp: 258-280 (23)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815050868122010015

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disorder that results in cognitive defects. The disease is a progressive, age-associated, irreversible, neurodegenerative disease with severe memory loss, personality changes, unusual behavior and impairment in cognitive function. There is no cure for AD, and the drugs available for the treatment of the disease have limited efficacy. Medicine develops from the extract of medicinal plants have been the single most productive and common source for the development of drugs, and also, more than thousands of new products are already in clinical study. Different types of therapeutic strategies like herbal and synthetic approaches are being used against AD on the basis of understanding AD mechanisms. Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is the most effective and highly investigated, herbal medicine for AD and other cognitive disorders. One of the famous dietary supplements is GBE, consumed by the elderly population to improve memory and age-related loss of cognitive function. The exact mechanism of action of Ginkgo extract in AD is still not very clear. The phytochemical studies of the different plant parts of the G. biloba have revealed the presence of many valuable secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenes, sterols, and alkaloids that shows a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities like anti-amyloidogenic, antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects. This book chapter gathers research on the G. biloba plant and its neuroprotective and phytochemical effects, which are used against AD. The summarized information concern pharmacological activities, neuroprotective effect, and biological and clinical applications of the Ginkgo plant.

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version174msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[23:23:22] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (91.83ms)time
  • Application (82.15ms)time
  • 1 x Booting (52.78%)
    91.83ms
    1 x Application (47.22%)
    82.15ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    19 statements were executed21.9ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59274385','',1,1739834602,1739834602) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739834602
      1.09msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59274385','/chapter/18325',1,1739834602,1739834602)
      170μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59274385 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59274385) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59274385 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59274385) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59274385 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59274385) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59274385 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59274385) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59274385 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59274385) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59274385 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59274385) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59274385 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59274385) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59274385 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59274385) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 59274385 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59274385) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59274385 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59274385) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59274385 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59274385) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 59274385 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59274385) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59274385 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59274385) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59274385 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59274385) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 59274385 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59274385) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59274385 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59274385) limit 1
      12.46msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 59274385
      • 1: 59274385
      • 2: 59274385
      • 3: 59274385
      • 4: 59274385
      • 5: 59274385
      • 6: 59274385
      • 7: 59274385
      • 8: 59274385
      • 9: 59274385
      • 10: 59274385
      • 11: 59274385
      • 12: 59274385
      • 13: 59274385
      • 14: 59274385
      • 15: 59274385
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '18325' limit 1
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 18325
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '18325' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      610μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 18325
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '18325'
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 18325
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 1081 limit 1
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 1081
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1081) and se.ebook_id!=1081 and v.ebook_status='1'
      1.69msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1081) and se.ebook_id!=1081 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      690μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1081)
      550μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1081) limit 10 offset 0
      400μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 3440 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      480μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 3440
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 1081 and ebook_volume_id <> 3440 limit 1
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 1081
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '18325' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '3440' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59274385 and j.to_ip >=59274385 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834602 and j.to_date >= 1739834602 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3440) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59274385 and j.to_ip >=59274385 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834602 and j.to_date >= 1739834602 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3440) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59274385 and j.to_ip >=59274385 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834602 and j.to_date >= 1739834602 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3440)
      560μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59274385 and j.to_ip >=59274385 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834602 and j.to_date >= 1739834602 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 18325) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59274385 and j.to_ip >=59274385 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834602 and j.to_date >= 1739834602 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 18325) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59274385 and j.to_ip >=59274385 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834602 and j.to_date >= 1739834602 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 18325)
      520μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3440 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834602 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834602 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.06msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3440
      • 3: 1739834602
      • 4: 1739834602
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='909c56757d3e6469517f3ad7c0c8d4aa'
      190μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        I3GYOCOJSBQitzkmcBmUf53CUKtNERynWteEqECQ
        uc_cart_id
        909c56757d3e6469517f3ad7c0c8d4aa
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/18325" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/18325
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InB6RE84TS84ck8wekJJZEVzV3lhMkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiS1h4bC93ZFZqNjRFWVYxYlBlb1hXYnR2THFXb0xUbjhiUDRaQm95clJrND0iLCJtYWMiOiJhZGM1ZDMwNmRjN2M5ODY2ZTFkY2QwYWEzZjk3ZDBiMzI3OTdhYmMwZmFkZWI0MjYyMzEwNjFiZmMxZmQ2MzNjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InB6RE84TS84ck8wekJJZEVzV3lhMkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiS1h4bC93ZFZqNjRFWVYxYlBlb1hXYnR2THFXb0xUbjhiUDRaQm95clJrND0iLCJtYWMiOiJhZGM1ZDMwNmRjN2M5" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 17 Feb 2025 23:23:22 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkNIaVErb0tDNmNOMnM0S0w3UFY5Znc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaFE4WnFEdEtxMWpiK1pQZFJBMzgwY0xCS3VObjBvcTVVcFE3QU1xUVMzREdMQytaRm0zc0xWbzFwQTFiWklvaml5UDFvQUtmN3hQTllVd1F6Tkh0MWxIRTc1RHdQZmtrK0RmVVpoZWlMZTU0N21naUZiRkN3NTRzYmpzcDRBTVAiLCJtYWMiOiJlNWI0OGFlMTk3OTJjMzliZmM0Yjc2NjY5ZTAzY2E3MGUzMTZhMWJkYzFlMjE1ODA3NWFiYzc5MjMxNzM5NGFlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 11:23:22 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkNIaVErb0tDNmNOMnM0S0w3UFY5Znc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaFE4WnFEdEtxMWpiK1pQZFJBMzgwY0xCS3VObjBvcTVVcFE3QU1xUVMzREdMQytaRm0zc0xWbzFwQTFiWklvaml5UDFvQ" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjJ3b2l2SHNSdlBEeDVBTm82UU4vdXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQjlwOHlZNUJyZVdmQ0NZUVRVTSt0YW4zdzhPakhXVVhVWk4xM2ZPbk1GcURJUExJQmZDV3pwa3dQc1Y0c0d0YTJaYitpNFBzR3FSWm4wY04wOUc4V1RDVEFQdWFuTklvTlRreXphREhnVFRHSUtsYldLSXZ5MGhsNGJ6YUMraHMiLCJtYWMiOiIzOTc0MmRiZjk0ODM5NjNmNzRmMDBlY2NiNDllYjY5MmFhOTljZGYwOTlmYWM0OWZhNjZkN2RkNjk4M2UwZTU3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjJ3b2l2SHNSdlBEeDVBTm82UU4vdXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQjlwOHlZNUJyZVdmQ0NZUVRVTSt0YW4zdzhPakhXVVhVWk4xM2ZPbk1GcURJUExJQmZDV3pwa3d" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkNIaVErb0tDNmNOMnM0S0w3UFY5Znc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaFE4WnFEdEtxMWpiK1pQZFJBMzgwY0xCS3VObjBvcTVVcFE3QU1xUVMzREdMQytaRm0zc0xWbzFwQTFiWklvaml5UDFvQUtmN3hQTllVd1F6Tkh0MWxIRTc1RHdQZmtrK0RmVVpoZWlMZTU0N21naUZiRkN3NTRzYmpzcDRBTVAiLCJtYWMiOiJlNWI0OGFlMTk3OTJjMzliZmM0Yjc2NjY5ZTAzY2E3MGUzMTZhMWJkYzFlMjE1ODA3NWFiYzc5MjMxNzM5NGFlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 11:23:22 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkNIaVErb0tDNmNOMnM0S0w3UFY5Znc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaFE4WnFEdEtxMWpiK1pQZFJBMzgwY0xCS3VObjBvcTVVcFE3QU1xUVMzREdMQytaRm0zc0xWbzFwQTFiWklvaml5UDFvQ" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjJ3b2l2SHNSdlBEeDVBTm82UU4vdXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQjlwOHlZNUJyZVdmQ0NZUVRVTSt0YW4zdzhPakhXVVhVWk4xM2ZPbk1GcURJUExJQmZDV3pwa3dQc1Y0c0d0YTJaYitpNFBzR3FSWm4wY04wOUc4V1RDVEFQdWFuTklvTlRreXphREhnVFRHSUtsYldLSXZ5MGhsNGJ6YUMraHMiLCJtYWMiOiIzOTc0MmRiZjk0ODM5NjNmNzRmMDBlY2NiNDllYjY5MmFhOTljZGYwOTlmYWM0OWZhNjZkN2RkNjk4M2UwZTU3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjJ3b2l2SHNSdlBEeDVBTm82UU4vdXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiQjlwOHlZNUJyZVdmQ0NZUVRVTSt0YW4zdzhPakhXVVhVWk4xM2ZPbk1GcURJUExJQmZDV3pwa3d" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "I3GYOCOJSBQitzkmcBmUf53CUKtNERynWteEqECQ" "uc_cart_id" => "909c56757d3e6469517f3ad7c0c8d4aa" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/18325" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:23:22GET/chapter/18325112192