Nano Materials Induced Removal of Textile Dyes from Waste Water

Basic Structures and Properties of Few Potential Nanomaterials

Author(s): Diptonil Banerjee, Amit Kumar Sharma and Nirmalya Sankar Das

Pp: 161-206 (46)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815050295122010007

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

After the discussion of all the preceding sections/chapters, now we are in a position to review some typical nanomaterial systems that have established themselves as materials of immense potential in the field of water purification by successfully removing different textile dyes through different processes like catalysis adsorption or others. In this chapter, we will discuss a few such particular materials from different domains. The material will mainly include metal oxide nanostructures and related derivatives like zinc oxide, etc., and also carbon nanostructures like carbon nanotube, graphene, etc., and their hybrids. A detailed discussion regarding the dye removal ability of graphitic carbon nitride is also included here. In this regard, the results of other researchers will be accompanied by a few of our own findings, which will help the reader in better understanding the topic. Apart from these wellknown materials that have higher dye removal effectiveness, a few other less studied and newly evolved systems, such as silicon nanowire and p-type conducting oxides like copper borate, have also been discussed with a few established results.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873362154 and j.to_ip >=873362154 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834671 and j.to_date >= 1739834671 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 18061) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873362154 and j.to_ip >=873362154 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834671 and j.to_date >= 1739834671 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 18061) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873362154 and j.to_ip >=873362154 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834671 and j.to_date >= 1739834671 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 18061)
      670μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3423 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834671 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834671 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.03msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3423
      • 3: 1739834671
      • 4: 1739834671
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='8844b0ce192d72ef6ed397a29a3f6ade'
      170μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        E8SGjZEVXqDGgIOkJDuowsXk9FHrgxa9NyOdqJBm
        uc_cart_id
        8844b0ce192d72ef6ed397a29a3f6ade
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/18061" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/18061
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:16 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 17 Feb 2025 23:24:31 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImVXMklPVGxJV20xd1FIa3JBYTROZEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZ1hLaVRldkhmOC9LdzgzUmZ4bXU2cW5TTm5SNjVoajRTOHBrOW1GNzhibkRlWFlXQ2w3UHpnWXBQZkRERHJ5SVpjOGJPYVdVTVF0dG1SWDVqemZqbWU0S0J5Q0FtcWlrWG03bitoL29oMU5vVnBwWUJCZVJvV1M3S2srcGpoTlciLCJtYWMiOiIxN2I5ZTdjMDU0NTE2ODNjZGM3YjNkZGUzMDZkZjMwNDI5NDIzZTAwYTgxYTEzMGQ1ZTAyOWVmYTU4ZjlhMjNhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 11:24:31 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImVXMklPVGxJV20xd1FIa3JBYTROZEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZ1hLaVRldkhmOC9LdzgzUmZ4bXU2cW5TTm5SNjVoajRTOHBrOW1GNzhibkRlWFlXQ2w3UHpnWXBQZkRERHJ5SVpjOGJPY" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjB1cVRxK0VlZDk4bExkZnVrNytwRWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoialZpVWkzUTBRcCtHY3hBbVpiRWliMHZHUWJvOVhIck12T1dWeTVhTmxJaldJZXc2cnllWVFqT3ozUlMyS29MSlUrREM5VVArN29YVEI5U3IxTXZ0VXUvajFObVlGaGRUL2o1ZHA0dUJnS0xrMUpYL0s2MmZFYnBGTHdPQm15RGoiLCJtYWMiOiI2NDBjNTQ3NThkOTViYmMwODQyZjhlMjMyNWI4MTI5ODdmYjllMDVkYWIzZmQzYzBkOTk3OWNkMGM5ZGZkM2E0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjB1cVRxK0VlZDk4bExkZnVrNytwRWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoialZpVWkzUTBRcCtHY3hBbVpiRWliMHZHUWJvOVhIck12T1dWeTVhTmxJaldJZXc2cnllWVFqT3o" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImVXMklPVGxJV20xd1FIa3JBYTROZEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZ1hLaVRldkhmOC9LdzgzUmZ4bXU2cW5TTm5SNjVoajRTOHBrOW1GNzhibkRlWFlXQ2w3UHpnWXBQZkRERHJ5SVpjOGJPYVdVTVF0dG1SWDVqemZqbWU0S0J5Q0FtcWlrWG03bitoL29oMU5vVnBwWUJCZVJvV1M3S2srcGpoTlciLCJtYWMiOiIxN2I5ZTdjMDU0NTE2ODNjZGM3YjNkZGUzMDZkZjMwNDI5NDIzZTAwYTgxYTEzMGQ1ZTAyOWVmYTU4ZjlhMjNhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 11:24:31 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImVXMklPVGxJV20xd1FIa3JBYTROZEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZ1hLaVRldkhmOC9LdzgzUmZ4bXU2cW5TTm5SNjVoajRTOHBrOW1GNzhibkRlWFlXQ2w3UHpnWXBQZkRERHJ5SVpjOGJPY" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjB1cVRxK0VlZDk4bExkZnVrNytwRWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoialZpVWkzUTBRcCtHY3hBbVpiRWliMHZHUWJvOVhIck12T1dWeTVhTmxJaldJZXc2cnllWVFqT3ozUlMyS29MSlUrREM5VVArN29YVEI5U3IxTXZ0VXUvajFObVlGaGRUL2o1ZHA0dUJnS0xrMUpYL0s2MmZFYnBGTHdPQm15RGoiLCJtYWMiOiI2NDBjNTQ3NThkOTViYmMwODQyZjhlMjMyNWI4MTI5ODdmYjllMDVkYWIzZmQzYzBkOTk3OWNkMGM5ZGZkM2E0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjB1cVRxK0VlZDk4bExkZnVrNytwRWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoialZpVWkzUTBRcCtHY3hBbVpiRWliMHZHUWJvOVhIck12T1dWeTVhTmxJaldJZXc2cnllWVFqT3o" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "E8SGjZEVXqDGgIOkJDuowsXk9FHrgxa9NyOdqJBm" "uc_cart_id" => "8844b0ce192d72ef6ed397a29a3f6ade" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/18061" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:24:31GET/chapter/18061112192