Frontiers in Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery

Volume: 1

The Anti-Cancer Charm of Flavonoids: A Cup-of-Tea Will Do You Good!

Author(s): Amr Amin, Michael Buratovich

Pp: 552-587 (36)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805161811001010552

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Hormone-dependent cancers of the breast, prostate and colon have, in the past decade, become the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Billions of dollars have been spent to study cancers like these, and tremendous advancements in the understanding and treatment of cancer have been made. Nevertheless, as effective cures for a variety of cancers continue to elude us, natural protection against cancer has been receiving a great deal of attention lately not only from cancer researchers and patients, but also from physicians. Phytoestrogens, plantderived secondary metabolites, are diphenolic substances with structural similarity to naturally-occurring human steroid hormones. Phytoestrogens are normally divided into three main classes: flavonoids, coumestans and lignans. Flavonoids are found in almost all plant families in the leaves, stems, roots, flowers and seeds of plants, and are among the most popular anti-cancer candidates. Flavonoidic derivatives have a wide variety of biological actions that includes antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiallergic activities. Some of these benefits are explained by the potent antioxidant effects of flavonoids, which include metal chelation and free-radical scavenging activities. However particular phytoestrogens show a marked ability to induce programmed cell death in specific cancer cells, and delay or prevent the onset of discrete cancers altogether. Patent applications regarding flavonoids range from protocols for extraction and purification from natural resources and the establishment of various biological activities for these extracts to novel methods for the production and isolation of flavonoids with known biological activities. This review will bring the reader up to date on the current knowledge and research available in the field of flavonoids and hormone-dependent cancers, and some of the submitted patents that exploit flavonoids.


Keywords: Flavonoids, cancer, estrogen, apoptosis, phytoestrogen, stilbenes, lignans, honokiol, coumestans, wogonin, isoliquiritigenin

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873355389 and j.to_ip >=873355389 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834405 and j.to_date >= 1739834405 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 1786) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873355389 and j.to_ip >=873355389 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834405 and j.to_date >= 1739834405 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 1786) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 873355389 and j.to_ip >=873355389 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834405 and j.to_date >= 1739834405 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 1786)
      780μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 919 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834405 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834405 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 919
      • 3: 1739834405
      • 4: 1739834405
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='9fec2c2b185eb802b195d26aebc6834e'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    11Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        njIJ0YxeIcQ9ik8IkVx5VJ0jNtyw1lw5LBv0Yv4K
        uc_cart_id
        9fec2c2b185eb802b195d26aebc6834e
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/1786" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/1786
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IkM1S0RCVEFjQnlOeVZQNnBDS2ZLdVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUjg5YzdaWnJlNXppekE0Wk5pbVBXditqYWZKaG1vL2FJb2FvOStqU01Mbz0iLCJtYWMiOiI1MzRkYTI2NmRmMTBhOTc4ZTJiYzIwOTYxN2MwMDc0NjkxNGY3NzcxZWJkMjMyMzI5ZGE1MWFlNDI4MDQ0YzA1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IkM1S0RCVEFjQnlOeVZQNnBDS2ZLdVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUjg5YzdaWnJlNXppekE0Wk5pbVBXditqYWZKaG1vL2FJb2FvOStqU01Mbz0iLCJtYWMiOiI1MzRkYTI2NmRmMTBh" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 17 Feb 2025 23:20:05 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRkUzlXM09tNWNFdS9yelBLTkMxL1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK3ExQVNka09IcjNMOGxLclMrem40MCtKUDRNYy8vVFlTTmlWNXlMZ3dvVjh6UmRVTFJ2U0t5SlBlbnFUZytPZkM5RFpOWVRrV0RaSkNvWXdDUU5MM2gyZFJmVnpwVVFsUXZMa3cvdDdic2hNRHRlNUMvUEg4VmFXcjk3OWhUdmciLCJtYWMiOiJiYzBkMjM4YWJkNTE0MTlmN2M5MzY2ZDEyNTFlNTBkMGNlZTVkZDIxZjhiZjMxMDM5NWE0ZDBjMTM3YzUyNzAxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 11:20:05 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRkUzlXM09tNWNFdS9yelBLTkMxL1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK3ExQVNka09IcjNMOGxLclMrem40MCtKUDRNYy8vVFlTTmlWNXlMZ3dvVjh6UmRVTFJ2U0t5SlBlbnFUZytPZkM5RFpOW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImNudkxqV3JVRHM1Ymgwd052MGtGd2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiR056WDROSHFEcmtHZzFNVFA4eGw5ZkZNVkJlZWpFdkdNcWxPcUVTZWhKUXR3WDgzNkN5NjlCWlh6SGY1ZGFITUNrbk5sdmhHQ3l6MGxjektlVytMTWU2dDkxRlVLSVJtK3NIc2V1MTZqRFdJTjBocUluYmFIRnJKRDBxYk02YjMiLCJtYWMiOiIzZWYyZjI5Mzk3NzIwY2Q1NGE3OTFlNGFiMGY5M2FhNGM0MzFkNmE2YTFhYzA0ZjZmMjFjZDEzYTg2N2E5OWY0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImNudkxqV3JVRHM1Ymgwd052MGtGd2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiR056WDROSHFEcmtHZzFNVFA4eGw5ZkZNVkJlZWpFdkdNcWxPcUVTZWhKUXR3WDgzNkN5NjlCWlh" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRkUzlXM09tNWNFdS9yelBLTkMxL1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK3ExQVNka09IcjNMOGxLclMrem40MCtKUDRNYy8vVFlTTmlWNXlMZ3dvVjh6UmRVTFJ2U0t5SlBlbnFUZytPZkM5RFpOWVRrV0RaSkNvWXdDUU5MM2gyZFJmVnpwVVFsUXZMa3cvdDdic2hNRHRlNUMvUEg4VmFXcjk3OWhUdmciLCJtYWMiOiJiYzBkMjM4YWJkNTE0MTlmN2M5MzY2ZDEyNTFlNTBkMGNlZTVkZDIxZjhiZjMxMDM5NWE0ZDBjMTM3YzUyNzAxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 11:20:05 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InRkUzlXM09tNWNFdS9yelBLTkMxL1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiK3ExQVNka09IcjNMOGxLclMrem40MCtKUDRNYy8vVFlTTmlWNXlMZ3dvVjh6UmRVTFJ2U0t5SlBlbnFUZytPZkM5RFpOW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImNudkxqV3JVRHM1Ymgwd052MGtGd2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiR056WDROSHFEcmtHZzFNVFA4eGw5ZkZNVkJlZWpFdkdNcWxPcUVTZWhKUXR3WDgzNkN5NjlCWlh6SGY1ZGFITUNrbk5sdmhHQ3l6MGxjektlVytMTWU2dDkxRlVLSVJtK3NIc2V1MTZqRFdJTjBocUluYmFIRnJKRDBxYk02YjMiLCJtYWMiOiIzZWYyZjI5Mzk3NzIwY2Q1NGE3OTFlNGFiMGY5M2FhNGM0MzFkNmE2YTFhYzA0ZjZmMjFjZDEzYTg2N2E5OWY0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImNudkxqV3JVRHM1Ymgwd052MGtGd2c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiR056WDROSHFEcmtHZzFNVFA4eGw5ZkZNVkJlZWpFdkdNcWxPcUVTZWhKUXR3WDgzNkN5NjlCWlh" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "njIJ0YxeIcQ9ik8IkVx5VJ0jNtyw1lw5LBv0Yv4K" "uc_cart_id" => "9fec2c2b185eb802b195d26aebc6834e" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/1786" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:20:05GET/chapter/17861121913