Modern Occupational Diseases Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Management and Prevention

Malignant Mesothelioma

Author(s): Yasutaka Takinishi*, Mika Tanji, Haining Yang and Michele Carbone

Pp: 164-187 (24)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815049138122010013

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Malignant mesothelioma often develops because of exposure to asbestos. The global incidence and mortality of mesothelioma remain unclear because many developing countries do not report it or the data they report are unreliable. Asbestos usage increased over centuries and reached its peak in 1970s. By the 90s the use of asbestos had been banned or tight regulated in many western countries, including the U.S. Asbestos usage continues to increase exponentially in developing countries. In addition to occupational asbestos exposure, environmental exposure to asbestos and other mineral fibers can cause mesothelioma. Asbestos carcinogenesis is largely caused by the chronic inflammatory process driven by the extracellular release of HMGB1 by mesothelial cells and macrophages. In addition, germline mutations of the BRCAassociated protein 1(BAP1) gene and less frequently of other tumor suppressor genes and DNA repair genes can cause or predispose to mesothelioma. Germline BAP1 mutant carriers develop additional malignancies during their lifetime. Fortunately, several of these malignancies, including mesothelioma, are less aggressive than their sporadic counterparts. BAP1 is also the gene most frequently mutated somatically in sporadic mesothelioma underscoring the critical role of this gene in suppressing mesothelioma growth. The preventive measure aimed at reducing occupational exposure to asbestos and environmental exposure to various carcinogenic fiber effectively reduces the incidence of mesothelioma. Carriers of germline BAP1 mutations benefit from close follow-up for early cancer detection. Because they may be susceptible to asbestos carcinogenesis, they should avoid trades or living in areas where carcinogenic fibers may be present.


Keywords: Asbestos, BRCA associated protein-1(BAP1), Carcinogenesis, Chemotherapy, Environmental exposure, High mobility group protein B1(HMGB1), Immunohistochemistry, Imaging study, Immunotherapy, Malignant mesothelioma, Naturally occurring asbestos, Occupational exposure, Radiation therapy, Surgery.

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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59772390 and j.to_ip >=59772390 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834824 and j.to_date >= 1739834824 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17828) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59772390 and j.to_ip >=59772390 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834824 and j.to_date >= 1739834824 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17828) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59772390 and j.to_ip >=59772390 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834824 and j.to_date >= 1739834824 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17828)
      610μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3407 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834824 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834824 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.06msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3407
      • 3: 1739834824
      • 4: 1739834824
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='160d810a7830d816d0d59c55a7bf8efe'
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    14Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        UKM0OC8tswa1dogVMTDexbTMwN801FwCGwQfy7Cx
        uc_cart_id
        160d810a7830d816d0d59c55a7bf8efe
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/17828" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/17828
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Imh2bkRLaDV6YmlKb1h4SFcrOWYwekE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSndCdUFIU2hYSm9rRGtGeVl6eDRmNG9QOUkzV2lvOG1rZm1rYWc3OHhodz0iLCJtYWMiOiIwNThlNGQ3YzZlZDNhOTJhNTMyNjgzYTMxNTA5YzUwZWU4Mzk0MDYyMjk0NTQ4YWUzMjk0OTA4OGQwZmE2ZWY3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Imh2bkRLaDV6YmlKb1h4SFcrOWYwekE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSndCdUFIU2hYSm9rRGtGeVl6eDRmNG9QOUkzV2lvOG1rZm1rYWc3OHhodz0iLCJtYWMiOiIwNThlNGQ3YzZlZDNh" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 17 Feb 2025 23:27:04 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlAxRDdxdDNnZTQ5Rmx0TUZQc1U0b3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieTVZVnFkazVsdzVRMGU2S1JnVmxOKys5STNqVnByMHVXWURXbkMrbHNGNHB2dEF2eHZZUDBmcVZrMndYVklXTjY4cHZNUFU5eEZpREhqMkZqR01Ybk5NZnNXMEo1cWcvR1VqQ3RIOUJ3Z3VUMEQySzVDNGxXRDBWZ0pwWjRRRVEiLCJtYWMiOiIyYjdjYTVlOWY4NzZiOGIxMmM5ZThkOTM2NTQyN2ZmZjIxOTA2ZmIzZjI2NjVhM2YwMTllYzk1OThhYTA2OTRiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 11:27:04 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlAxRDdxdDNnZTQ5Rmx0TUZQc1U0b3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieTVZVnFkazVsdzVRMGU2S1JnVmxOKys5STNqVnByMHVXWURXbkMrbHNGNHB2dEF2eHZZUDBmcVZrMndYVklXTjY4cHZNU" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InFIamtJb3YrSlFWWnRjbE1Tc3hIOHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVHpST1pTMEloWXhEcHBsR3VKMnhmejlXWEtwV1JmUFRUSURHQmVHNnJzVzVJK3pGNXo2d2tuSEVDdytaYWppRm1ENVpmd1N1Q1gvenBVVWcwc1lUbVMwdzZueXN4RDV6S0trSCs2L2F5d1JIWDdYbVo0NTQwaXRlQTdpNEdJa0siLCJtYWMiOiJkOWJlYTg1MzA1ZTJmNjBmMjFiYmFiNjhlOWNmNjJhOWM5OTJkZGJlZDRkZTIyMTcwMjQzMjFiMjFkZDEwOGY3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InFIamtJb3YrSlFWWnRjbE1Tc3hIOHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVHpST1pTMEloWXhEcHBsR3VKMnhmejlXWEtwV1JmUFRUSURHQmVHNnJzVzVJK3pGNXo2d2tuSEV" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlAxRDdxdDNnZTQ5Rmx0TUZQc1U0b3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieTVZVnFkazVsdzVRMGU2S1JnVmxOKys5STNqVnByMHVXWURXbkMrbHNGNHB2dEF2eHZZUDBmcVZrMndYVklXTjY4cHZNUFU5eEZpREhqMkZqR01Ybk5NZnNXMEo1cWcvR1VqQ3RIOUJ3Z3VUMEQySzVDNGxXRDBWZ0pwWjRRRVEiLCJtYWMiOiIyYjdjYTVlOWY4NzZiOGIxMmM5ZThkOTM2NTQyN2ZmZjIxOTA2ZmIzZjI2NjVhM2YwMTllYzk1OThhYTA2OTRiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 11:27:04 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlAxRDdxdDNnZTQ5Rmx0TUZQc1U0b3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieTVZVnFkazVsdzVRMGU2S1JnVmxOKys5STNqVnByMHVXWURXbkMrbHNGNHB2dEF2eHZZUDBmcVZrMndYVklXTjY4cHZNU" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InFIamtJb3YrSlFWWnRjbE1Tc3hIOHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVHpST1pTMEloWXhEcHBsR3VKMnhmejlXWEtwV1JmUFRUSURHQmVHNnJzVzVJK3pGNXo2d2tuSEVDdytaYWppRm1ENVpmd1N1Q1gvenBVVWcwc1lUbVMwdzZueXN4RDV6S0trSCs2L2F5d1JIWDdYbVo0NTQwaXRlQTdpNEdJa0siLCJtYWMiOiJkOWJlYTg1MzA1ZTJmNjBmMjFiYmFiNjhlOWNmNjJhOWM5OTJkZGJlZDRkZTIyMTcwMjQzMjFiMjFkZDEwOGY3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InFIamtJb3YrSlFWWnRjbE1Tc3hIOHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVHpST1pTMEloWXhEcHBsR3VKMnhmejlXWEtwV1JmUFRUSURHQmVHNnJzVzVJK3pGNXo2d2tuSEV" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "UKM0OC8tswa1dogVMTDexbTMwN801FwCGwQfy7Cx" "uc_cart_id" => "160d810a7830d816d0d59c55a7bf8efe" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/17828" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:27:04GET/chapter/178281121916