Abstract
A year after the COVID-19 pandemic started, a global effort to develop vaccines
and make them available to the public, has prompted a turning point in the history of vaccine
development. The post-COVID era has accelerated the efforts to bring novel platform vaccine
technologies such as nucleic acid or viral-vectored vaccines, which were proved to offer safety,
efficacy, and speed in development and production, but have restricted records in the clinic. To date,
five candidate vaccines have been approved for emergency use by different regulatory agencies across the world, after demonstrating their robust immunogenicity response and efficacy against
SARS-COV-2 infection. We summarize and analyse the progression of those vaccines with major
research development and results in peer-reviewed journals.
Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, vaccines, viral vectors, adenovirus, RNA vaccines, DNA vaccines, pandemic.