Biomarkers in Liver Disease

Abstract

Symptoms and signs of liver diseases are highly variable depending on the etiology, disease stage, and type of liver involvement. There are different types of liver diseases; causes of liver diseases may be viral, toxic, metabolic, or autoimmune. However, in some cases, liver disease can develop as a result of diseases of other organs or systems. It is almost impossible to differentiate all of these solely on the basis of clinical symptoms and findings. Furthermore, the early stages of liver disease may be completely asymptomatic, or in some cases, the disease may progress with only subtle and non-specific symptoms. Therefore, biomarkers have a critical role in screening, diagnosis, staging, and evaluation of therapeutic response to treatment in liver diseases.

Keywords: 5’-Nucleotidase, Alanine aminotransferase, Albumin, Alkaline phosphatase, Alpha-fetoprotein, Aspartate aminotransferase, AST isoenzymes, Biomarkers, CA 19-9, Cholangiocarcinoma, Cholestasis, Fibrosis, Gammaglutamyl transferase, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Hepatocellular injury, Liver disease, MELD-Na score, Prognosis, Prothrombin time, Staging of liver disease.