COVID-19: Effects in Comorbidities and Special Populations

Otolaryngological and Ocular Manifestations in COVID-19

Author(s): Sandeep Bansal, Kanika Arora and Reema Bansal * .

Pp: 291-304 (14)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815036367122010012

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

An adult patient with COVID-19 usually presents with symptoms of flu like dry cough, myalgia, headache, fever with chills, breathing difficulty and sore throat. Unlike common flu, acute anosmia without nasal obstruction, hyposmia and dysgeusia are considered as early signs and warrant self-isolation and testing. Children usually have milder symptoms with a good prognoses. Nasopharynx and oropharynx being the reservoirs of the viral load, Otolaryngologist becomes the most vulnerable for infection transmission while screening, sampling or operating on any such patient. 

Ocular involvement in COVID-19 is extremely low, and manifests mainly as conjunctivitis, in the form of conjunctival hyperaemia, chemosis, increased secretions and/or epiphora. Although it is presumed to be self-limiting, tears are potential source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The nature and proximity of ophthalmic examination makes the eye care personnel highly prone to COVID-19 infection. There are reports of ophthalmologists getting infected with COVID-19, and succumbing to this disease. Besides the recommended practice guidelines, surgical interventions in ENT and ophthalmology practice should be limited to urgent and semi-urgent indications.


Keywords: Anosmia, Conjunctivitis, Cough, COVID-19, Corona virus disease 2019, Cotton wool spots, Dysgeusia, ENT, Eye, Fundus, Headache, High risk, Hyposmia, Manifestations, Otolaryngology, Ophthalmic, Ocular, Retinal, SARSCoV- 2, Sore throat.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314520267 and j.to_ip >=314520267 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848504 and j.to_date >= 1739848504 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17615) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314520267 and j.to_ip >=314520267 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848504 and j.to_date >= 1739848504 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17615) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314520267 and j.to_ip >=314520267 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848504 and j.to_date >= 1739848504 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17615)
      690μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3392 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739848504 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739848504 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.35msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3392
      • 3: 1739848504
      • 4: 1739848504
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='5024cec88f37240ef17181195ea7919a'
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    20Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        xP4NQqeY8MVkczEEsYWEgSLSRDMcIvDHCfOK7SiO
        uc_cart_id
        5024cec88f37240ef17181195ea7919a
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/17615" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/17615
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 03:15:04 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImdnRlh6dFRQemVrZlhucFFsNDNTZXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTE9GVmpEdktRS3Flc0VsM0x3VC9JVGNQUlE3M0NCYXpxOXFnU2VWQmxPdFprRFVhbjMyVG5RUUs1Vi9zQmRxTEo3U09Hd21rS0VsUnlSVWRwWkkrbzBDWnRsQ21Wa0Zpbzljelg1NzA1SUhrWENrU3BYa3dOcWNodTdaQlA2WWwiLCJtYWMiOiJjYjk3MDA3YzdhYjQ3ZGFmMTNiODcwNGFkMDczYTBkNzIxYjcxNTBjZDJlMGMzZGVhZWJlMjFmMGEwOTQzZWNhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 15:15:04 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImdnRlh6dFRQemVrZlhucFFsNDNTZXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTE9GVmpEdktRS3Flc0VsM0x3VC9JVGNQUlE3M0NCYXpxOXFnU2VWQmxPdFprRFVhbjMyVG5RUUs1Vi9zQmRxTEo3U09Hd" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImZaOEl5QXpyalpYYVF5YlE2NHBEeUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSlhHaFl6V3pvQW53bkhJdzJyVHZkcXNhS0RST0w2WGU5OVhIbldJK3RxeCt2eC9TaGQzUGlETFRZdkJBMUo3MXljYllTRzFWVERjTDAwWkpOb3VSdHdERzMvY1ZhZnB1RTZ3Wm9KcnFEMnlZZWhLT0pBTHZyTFo0akxhbXArbzYiLCJtYWMiOiJmNTkyMmVlNzBmM2IxMDlhNjEyNmFiNGExNTZhYzFiYzQyZGI4MmQwMmNiZmNiMmJkYzM5NTFiZGMzYTNkZjU4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImZaOEl5QXpyalpYYVF5YlE2NHBEeUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSlhHaFl6V3pvQW53bkhJdzJyVHZkcXNhS0RST0w2WGU5OVhIbldJK3RxeCt2eC9TaGQzUGlETFR" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImdnRlh6dFRQemVrZlhucFFsNDNTZXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTE9GVmpEdktRS3Flc0VsM0x3VC9JVGNQUlE3M0NCYXpxOXFnU2VWQmxPdFprRFVhbjMyVG5RUUs1Vi9zQmRxTEo3U09Hd21rS0VsUnlSVWRwWkkrbzBDWnRsQ21Wa0Zpbzljelg1NzA1SUhrWENrU3BYa3dOcWNodTdaQlA2WWwiLCJtYWMiOiJjYjk3MDA3YzdhYjQ3ZGFmMTNiODcwNGFkMDczYTBkNzIxYjcxNTBjZDJlMGMzZGVhZWJlMjFmMGEwOTQzZWNhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 15:15:04 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImdnRlh6dFRQemVrZlhucFFsNDNTZXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTE9GVmpEdktRS3Flc0VsM0x3VC9JVGNQUlE3M0NCYXpxOXFnU2VWQmxPdFprRFVhbjMyVG5RUUs1Vi9zQmRxTEo3U09Hd" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImZaOEl5QXpyalpYYVF5YlE2NHBEeUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSlhHaFl6V3pvQW53bkhJdzJyVHZkcXNhS0RST0w2WGU5OVhIbldJK3RxeCt2eC9TaGQzUGlETFRZdkJBMUo3MXljYllTRzFWVERjTDAwWkpOb3VSdHdERzMvY1ZhZnB1RTZ3Wm9KcnFEMnlZZWhLT0pBTHZyTFo0akxhbXArbzYiLCJtYWMiOiJmNTkyMmVlNzBmM2IxMDlhNjEyNmFiNGExNTZhYzFiYzQyZGI4MmQwMmNiZmNiMmJkYzM5NTFiZGMzYTNkZjU4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImZaOEl5QXpyalpYYVF5YlE2NHBEeUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSlhHaFl6V3pvQW53bkhJdzJyVHZkcXNhS0RST0w2WGU5OVhIbldJK3RxeCt2eC9TaGQzUGlETFR" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "xP4NQqeY8MVkczEEsYWEgSLSRDMcIvDHCfOK7SiO" "uc_cart_id" => "5024cec88f37240ef17181195ea7919a" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/17615" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 03:15:04GET/chapter/176151121922