COVID-19: Effects in Comorbidities and Special Populations

SARS-CoV-2 and Co-morbidities

Author(s): Yara S. Beyh, Riya Sachdeva, K. M.Venkat Narayan and Manoj Bhasin * .

Pp: 1-28 (28)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815036367122010003

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

In December 2019, cases of pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China, which was indicated to be due to a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19. This virus shares a lot of similarities with the previous SARS-Cov and MERS-Cov, yet its spread has been recorded to be much faster, with more than 80 million cases and close to 1 million deaths in the USA by March 2022. Further, the CDC has released a list of health conditions that increase the risk of acquiring the virus and its severity by 12- folds. Those conditions include diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sickle cell anemia, obesity, and immunocompromised states. The two common mechanisms increasing the susceptibility of patients with any of the aforementioned co-morbidities are 1) increased inflammation causing a “cytokine storm”; and 2) suppressed or delayed immune system response, which is expected to be highly responsive in infections. The “cytokine storm” is characterized by an increased release of cytokines that cause an impaired response of the macrophages and lymphocytes that are expected to be highly responsive under any state of infection. Further, these conditions are known to be states of chronic low-grade inflammation, which adds to the cytokine storm with the suppression of the immune response. This disruption equally influences the involvement of B-cells and T-cells in the resolution of infections. Finally, some conditions may suffer from disturbances at the levels of the respiratory system, such as difficulty breathing, accompanied by respiratory muscles inefficiency and inequality in ventilation perfusion, causing hypoxia and the increased need for mechanical ventilation and ICU admission. The objective of this chapter is to introduce the main chronic conditions mostly influenced by SARS-Cov-2, the severity of the virus, its prevalence among the recorded cases, and the consequence observed at the level of the immune system.


Keywords: B-cells, Cardiovascular diseases, Cancer, Chronic kidney disease, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Co-morbidities, Cytokine storm, Diabetes, ICUadmission, Infection, Mechanical ventilation, Metabolic syndrome, Obesity, Respiratory system, SARS-Cov2, Sickle cell anemia, T-cells, Virus.

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version184msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[03:15:19] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (91.85ms)time
  • Application (92.18ms)time
  • 1 x Application (50.09%)
    92.18ms
    1 x Booting (49.91%)
    91.85ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    19 statements were executed23.64ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51286341','',1,1739848519,1739848519) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739848519
      920μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('51286341','/chapter/17601',1,1739848519,1739848519)
      180μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 51286341 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 51286341) limit 1
      12.32msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 51286341
      • 1: 51286341
      • 2: 51286341
      • 3: 51286341
      • 4: 51286341
      • 5: 51286341
      • 6: 51286341
      • 7: 51286341
      • 8: 51286341
      • 9: 51286341
      • 10: 51286341
      • 11: 51286341
      • 12: 51286341
      • 13: 51286341
      • 14: 51286341
      • 15: 51286341
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '17601' limit 1
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 17601
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '17601' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      1.25msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 17601
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '17601'
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 17601
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 1035 limit 1
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 1035
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1035) and se.ebook_id!=1035 and v.ebook_status='1'
      2.62msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1035) and se.ebook_id!=1035 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      730μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1035)
      420μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1035) limit 10 offset 0
      440μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 3392 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      550μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 3392
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 1035 and ebook_volume_id <> 3392 limit 1
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 1035
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '17601' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '3392' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848520 and j.to_date >= 1739848520 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3392) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848520 and j.to_date >= 1739848520 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3392) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848520 and j.to_date >= 1739848520 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3392)
      600μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848520 and j.to_date >= 1739848520 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17601) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848520 and j.to_date >= 1739848520 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17601) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51286341 and j.to_ip >=51286341 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848520 and j.to_date >= 1739848520 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17601)
      570μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3392 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739848520 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739848520 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3392
      • 3: 1739848520
      • 4: 1739848520
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='ea5e56c91aa6fa8b0fe6f82e58ae3c5e'
      260μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    18Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        fJYlfV9l9RemF7D05QpBmUYjyxCN84N8kR7MhWK8
        uc_cart_id
        ea5e56c91aa6fa8b0fe6f82e58ae3c5e
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/17601" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/17601
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IndWRy9RRmdpVE1lRWVoazRCOHhZT3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiKzh6MENhZlAyQkl6ZXZVZENkM29vS0hPMHZsVXZJNTM3THFKdFdPS3JzT2hURUZ3RmRUdk5rMXFHU0VGb0x4USIsIm1hYyI6IjM1YjVhYmM3YzQ2MDA4YmJmNGQ5NTViOTFiMjUzNmY4MDNiYjBlM2ViYTBjZmNiOGEzMWFiZmZhNTAyYmIyMTQiLCJ0YWciOiIifQ%3D%3D; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlFiZFFXSVZDcU5hdFh5NHIxRUtieHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiUlNtY09TQmR6UlNjdFEvcXBpYjFFV1MxeUpMTlI2MzJVTVFURzhKRzdrWUpzSHc1ck9DeHpyc1lEYzZQNFBJMDNBNkVZVHQ2V1p0a0JuakNKak1VQ0VxQjFLZzA3OVNoRk5kS0wxR0NvdXZ1RHpickpVUXVGOXEvRjlpWmVCZzkiLCJtYWMiOiI3MzJmNGU5MDM3Y2ExMzk4NjFlYWFiOTBmYzcxYzViZjQ4MTlkNGFlY2JlNWU1MmMyYzNjMDYwNmNlMmQ4Njg3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkN5WlRJTG9Iekx4SGE3UTZJYys5WHc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiT3ZBREEzZTBxaU8zQUV5UHdIRkd2YUgva1U2Yk9Ta3g5d3Q2a0pTM3NQYjJGTnJFOXM0Mkp3WmtROEtLalB6L2VXYW9OV3NUUndsamtoZDVZOG9tczBKaGpQRUJaUGpaYzFwclhYZ0hIRmVTRmVEcjdoQXJLcXJvK3ZDV1ROZXMiLCJtYWMiOiJjMzEyNGM2ODcwNGMyOWIyZjVlYjUyOGJkMjdiNmNiNGI3MjZjZjlkZmZhM2MyNDYzYTdmZWNjOTkwYWFkYjUxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IndWRy9RRmdpVE1lRWVoazRCOHhZT3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiKzh6MENhZlAyQkl6ZXZVZENkM29vS0hPMHZsVXZJNTM3THFKdFdPS3JzT2hURUZ3RmRUdk5rMXFHU0VGb0x4USIs" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:3 [ "wayfindertarget" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "fJYlfV9l9RemF7D05QpBmUYjyxCN84N8kR7MhWK8" "alphaeurekaselectnet_session" => "9DN9XF4r22cv8WnRMa972FRidsxqO8wdgpHipn2z" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 18 Feb 2025 03:15:20 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjVMWEl3MjhFTzhiQ2JzblZCMWx2Z0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRFFCMmpwaGl5bXRxUDJwbmZPbFNtOFl0ODdGL1M3STNvQ2JvMXpxNWlOdlk0ek5zTVJaWHR4eFhzOFlDOUdBV3YrWjJwV1ltRk5wRnVlRE9uaDYwdmNjZkhFTmQrMm15WnF1UWZ5Ykk2M29ZTmZqSTE4clF3b2RJbUFkQWI3STIiLCJtYWMiOiI1N2IxZTM5MmIxOTkxMThiODczNzY5YThkYWQyZDM3Y2MxNTY5NWQ2YmZlYmY3MzZhYjBjMDAyNTZiOWJhOGY1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 15:15:20 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjVMWEl3MjhFTzhiQ2JzblZCMWx2Z0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRFFCMmpwaGl5bXRxUDJwbmZPbFNtOFl0ODdGL1M3STNvQ2JvMXpxNWlOdlk0ek5zTVJaWHR4eFhzOFlDOUdBV3YrWjJwV" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlQ2cUJ0bHZvVE1LZm9xZHNGZFF6bkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibVhnbzJqRkY0VHpOUElBNXBFRFZzTTBUTTZBOW9NaktPVitxclNXM003NWdCSy9VSkVud2VoZ2I1d0trNjFBY21FdWQ2a1VHc3Z0UEY0c1BuNm1OS1FTakMyN3YzQmdWcjhDSW42RCt3akc3WjluZi9YYjczYWdQcVdDMUVwbFMiLCJtYWMiOiIwYTYxZGZiNjExYzVjZWI5M2E5YzdlNDM3ZGM2YTM4MWQ3N2Q1MTRiMjU2ZWRlZjcwNjA5ODZlNGM5Yjg5Yzk0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlQ2cUJ0bHZvVE1LZm9xZHNGZFF6bkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibVhnbzJqRkY0VHpOUElBNXBFRFZzTTBUTTZBOW9NaktPVitxclNXM003NWdCSy9VSkVud2VoZ2I" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjVMWEl3MjhFTzhiQ2JzblZCMWx2Z0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRFFCMmpwaGl5bXRxUDJwbmZPbFNtOFl0ODdGL1M3STNvQ2JvMXpxNWlOdlk0ek5zTVJaWHR4eFhzOFlDOUdBV3YrWjJwV1ltRk5wRnVlRE9uaDYwdmNjZkhFTmQrMm15WnF1UWZ5Ykk2M29ZTmZqSTE4clF3b2RJbUFkQWI3STIiLCJtYWMiOiI1N2IxZTM5MmIxOTkxMThiODczNzY5YThkYWQyZDM3Y2MxNTY5NWQ2YmZlYmY3MzZhYjBjMDAyNTZiOWJhOGY1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 15:15:20 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjVMWEl3MjhFTzhiQ2JzblZCMWx2Z0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRFFCMmpwaGl5bXRxUDJwbmZPbFNtOFl0ODdGL1M3STNvQ2JvMXpxNWlOdlk0ek5zTVJaWHR4eFhzOFlDOUdBV3YrWjJwV" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlQ2cUJ0bHZvVE1LZm9xZHNGZFF6bkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibVhnbzJqRkY0VHpOUElBNXBFRFZzTTBUTTZBOW9NaktPVitxclNXM003NWdCSy9VSkVud2VoZ2I1d0trNjFBY21FdWQ2a1VHc3Z0UEY0c1BuNm1OS1FTakMyN3YzQmdWcjhDSW42RCt3akc3WjluZi9YYjczYWdQcVdDMUVwbFMiLCJtYWMiOiIwYTYxZGZiNjExYzVjZWI5M2E5YzdlNDM3ZGM2YTM4MWQ3N2Q1MTRiMjU2ZWRlZjcwNjA5ODZlNGM5Yjg5Yzk0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlQ2cUJ0bHZvVE1LZm9xZHNGZFF6bkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibVhnbzJqRkY0VHpOUElBNXBFRFZzTTBUTTZBOW9NaktPVitxclNXM003NWdCSy9VSkVud2VoZ2I" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "fJYlfV9l9RemF7D05QpBmUYjyxCN84N8kR7MhWK8" "uc_cart_id" => "ea5e56c91aa6fa8b0fe6f82e58ae3c5e" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/17601" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 03:15:20GET/chapter/176011121920