Applications of Nanomaterials in Energy Storage and Electronics

Graphene-based Nanocomposites for Electro-optic Devices

Author(s): Monojit Bag*, Jitendra Kumar and Ramesh Kumar

Pp: 190-204 (15)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815050714122030014

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Graphene, the most exciting carbon allotrope, and its derivatives such as graphene oxide and graphene quantum dots have sparked a flurry of research and innovation owing to their unprecedented optoelectronic properties. Graphene and its nanocomposites have been widely used in a variety of opto-electronic devices such as photodetectors, transistors, actuators, biomedical aids, and membranes. Their sp2 hybridization state provides some extraordinary opto-electronic and mechanical properties. Chemical exfoliation of graphite into graphene and graphene oxide allows us to mix graphene nanocomposites into various layers of organic solar cells and other organic semiconductor-based optoelectronic devices, especially for roll-to-roll fabrication of large-area devices at a lower cost. Recently, these nanocomposites have also been utilized as charge transport layers and surface modifiers in perovskite solar cells and perovskite light-emitting diodes. Researchers have found that the presence of graphene, even at very low loading, can significantly improve the device's performance. In this chapter, we have discussed the application of graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, and doped graphene oxide in various combinations in perovskite solar cells and perovskite light-emitting diodes; these nanomaterials can be utilized either in transport layers of a multilayered device or directly incorporated in the active layers of these optoelectronic devices. These nanocomposites generally improve the device efficiencies by improving the band alignment at heterojunctions in a multilayered device by substantially reducing the trap states and the charge transfer resistance. These nanocomposites are found to achieve significantly improved device power conversion efficiency and stability of perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.


Keywords: Band alignment, Graphene-oxide, Hybridization, Low cost, Nanocomposites, Opto-electronic, Perovskite optoelectronic devices, Power-conversion efficiency, Stability, Trap-states

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51271683 and j.to_ip >=51271683 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739971617 and j.to_date >= 1739971617 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17530) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51271683 and j.to_ip >=51271683 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739971617 and j.to_date >= 1739971617 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17530) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51271683 and j.to_ip >=51271683 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739971617 and j.to_date >= 1739971617 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17530)
      890μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3386 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739971617 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739971617 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.62msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3386
      • 3: 1739971617
      • 4: 1739971617
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='7538540017e30b70e0fbf5fa7c592aca'
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    10Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        8N7nnUCgCTkFpSomzG5AgKkZfbqbeRJYIaU22SWD
        uc_cart_id
        7538540017e30b70e0fbf5fa7c592aca
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/17530" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/17530
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
        0 of 0
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        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "8N7nnUCgCTkFpSomzG5AgKkZfbqbeRJYIaU22SWD" "uc_cart_id" => "7538540017e30b70e0fbf5fa7c592aca" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/17530" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-19 13:26:57GET/chapter/175301121912