Applications of Nanomaterials in Energy Storage and Electronics

Polymer Nanocomposite Membrane for Fuel cell Applications

Author(s): Ratikanta Nayak*, Harilal and Prakash Chandra Ghosh

Pp: 176-189 (14)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815050714122030013

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Polymer nanocomposite is a new kind of material that offers to substitute traditionally filled polymers. The nanomaterial polymer matrix inter-phase area increases drastically due to the inherent high surface-to-volume ratio resulting in remarkably enhanced properties compared to the pristine polymers or their conventional counterpart filled nanocomposites. Nanocomposites have several novel properties such as nonlinear optical properties, electronic conductivity and luminescence. Therefore, their use has been projected in many areas like chemical sensors, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFCs), electroluminescent devices, batteries, electrocatalysis, smart windows and memory devices. PEMFCs embody a potential candidate for electrochemical energy generation in the twenty-first century due to their better efficiency and environmentally friendly nature. Proton exchange/Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) plays a vital role in the PEMFCs. Currently, PEM like Nafion and Flemions are widely used in PEMFC, which have certain drawbacks such as fuel cross-over through the membrane, low operating temperature, and high cost. The researchers from several laboratories across the globe have put their extreme effort into preparing a novel polymer electrolyte membrane with high proton conductivity, better long-term stability, improved thermal stability, high peak power density (PPD), and less fuel crossover with minimum cost. The advent of nanotechnology has brought a new scope to this research area. The hybrid (organic polymer with inorganic nanoparticle) nanocomposite membrane has developed into an exciting alternative to the conventional polymer membrane applications. It provides an exclusive blend of inorganic and organic properties and helps to overcome the drawbacks of align="center"pristine polymer membranes. In this book chapter, we have focused on different nanomaterials and their effect is analyzed in polymer electrolyte nanocomposite membranes for PEMFC applications. 


Keywords: Nanocomposite, Proton conductivity, Acid functional group, PEMFC, Water absorption, Thermal Stability, Fuel cell Performance, Ionic medium, Inorganic particle, Oxidative stability, Functionalization.

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version264msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[13:26:36] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (146ms)time
  • Application (119ms)time
  • 1 x Booting (55.11%)
    146ms
    1 x Application (44.89%)
    119ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    19 statements were executed35.92ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316204442','',1,1739971596,1739971596) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739971596
      2.54msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316204442','/chapter/17529',1,1739971596,1739971596)
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316204442 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316204442) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316204442 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316204442) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316204442 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316204442) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316204442 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316204442) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316204442 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316204442) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316204442 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316204442) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316204442 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316204442) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316204442 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316204442) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 316204442 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316204442) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316204442 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316204442) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316204442 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316204442) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 316204442 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316204442) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316204442 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316204442) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316204442 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316204442) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 316204442 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316204442) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316204442 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316204442) limit 1
      21.55msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 316204442
      • 1: 316204442
      • 2: 316204442
      • 3: 316204442
      • 4: 316204442
      • 5: 316204442
      • 6: 316204442
      • 7: 316204442
      • 8: 316204442
      • 9: 316204442
      • 10: 316204442
      • 11: 316204442
      • 12: 316204442
      • 13: 316204442
      • 14: 316204442
      • 15: 316204442
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '17529' limit 1
      570μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 17529
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '17529' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      1.13msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 17529
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '17529'
      440μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 17529
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 1021 limit 1
      390μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 1021
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1021) and se.ebook_id!=1021 and v.ebook_status='1'
      1.78msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1021) and se.ebook_id!=1021 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      1.15msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1021)
      550μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1021) limit 10 offset 0
      550μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 3386 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      740μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 3386
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 1021 and ebook_volume_id <> 3386 limit 1
      360μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 1021
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '17529' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      430μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '3386' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316204442 and j.to_ip >=316204442 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739971596 and j.to_date >= 1739971596 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3386) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316204442 and j.to_ip >=316204442 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739971596 and j.to_date >= 1739971596 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3386) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316204442 and j.to_ip >=316204442 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739971596 and j.to_date >= 1739971596 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3386)
      770μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316204442 and j.to_ip >=316204442 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739971596 and j.to_date >= 1739971596 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17529) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316204442 and j.to_ip >=316204442 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739971596 and j.to_date >= 1739971596 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17529) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316204442 and j.to_ip >=316204442 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739971596 and j.to_date >= 1739971596 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17529)
      720μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3386 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739971596 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739971596 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.21msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3386
      • 3: 1739971596
      • 4: 1739971596
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='803f71c0dccb4aff7b072b7b28ecd0f1'
      490μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    11Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        d22zTxp0nRr6RtCBPzNosh5w4T8cTVDHuXQon6cr
        uc_cart_id
        803f71c0dccb4aff7b072b7b28ecd0f1
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/17529" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/17529
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IlRiMlNHM0dnbW12VS9BMlVXTGhta1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNFNMY09Ec0pGcHJsbTd6Ylh4Ty9EQWI2RTRWK2xmSnMzZnE5Z01xRlBYRT0iLCJtYWMiOiI3N2MwNGYxMTg1NDc2MmRhMmE0NTBkZmM0N2Q1MWQzYWVjMDg1MzgzMjYyNjQ5NGIxYmJkNjFkMjY1MzA1ZDg5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IlRiMlNHM0dnbW12VS9BMlVXTGhta1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNFNMY09Ec0pGcHJsbTd6Ylh4Ty9EQWI2RTRWK2xmSnMzZnE5Z01xRlBYRT0iLCJtYWMiOiI3N2MwNGYxMTg1NDc2" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Wed, 19 Feb 2025 13:26:36 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlN5WFhPTnF6aFdzNW9hdFV1ZnhYTmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidlM5MHoxOHJtbjQvZEZGN3hoZHpIckFkMXVRY2FXUjFGaHVMVlQ2TnVtWVlxckZFYnhLRUdFTDFrNm4ycWZLYjRJdkcvdjNPNW0yc1lwaExuREJFQnlQTnFWNUhBb2IvNCthMTJQZWtpbDBNTGlIL2tHSWZ1dCtPcDltNHFGWUMiLCJtYWMiOiI1YTgwOTA5NmJjMDkwZTc5ODBhZjEwNDExYzQyMjVmNmJkNGIwNjE0MjQxYjU1NmZiMzdhZTBjMmMyOWQ5OWI3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22 Feb 2025 01:26:36 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlN5WFhPTnF6aFdzNW9hdFV1ZnhYTmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidlM5MHoxOHJtbjQvZEZGN3hoZHpIckFkMXVRY2FXUjFGaHVMVlQ2TnVtWVlxckZFYnhLRUdFTDFrNm4ycWZLYjRJdkcvd" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkZFMisrbEZoTGwwUXloT3AyV0dZb0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicGFLSjlnNFlsVytNaXFFak5sOFM3akxmZStKa1NJQ1gySzBvcmVQY3RxK0tobFBVVzFuM2phQUY5UGZXRU9kZm1Za2draUlieGFaYWhSTU5GUk5TanpRK2hZKzdXMHo3dXdRT2NnemY3Q2Q4NFNpdG1oSG5MNldCS0VsSGlsU1IiLCJtYWMiOiJmMTFiNWVkZTkxMGVhNDBjMGYxOGZkZWY2NTU5MzBhZTJkZDBiOTc4Y2ZlZGU4YTMxMzMyZTUxZDkyNzY3MmIyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkZFMisrbEZoTGwwUXloT3AyV0dZb0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicGFLSjlnNFlsVytNaXFFak5sOFM3akxmZStKa1NJQ1gySzBvcmVQY3RxK0tobFBVVzFuM2phQUY" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlN5WFhPTnF6aFdzNW9hdFV1ZnhYTmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidlM5MHoxOHJtbjQvZEZGN3hoZHpIckFkMXVRY2FXUjFGaHVMVlQ2TnVtWVlxckZFYnhLRUdFTDFrNm4ycWZLYjRJdkcvdjNPNW0yc1lwaExuREJFQnlQTnFWNUhBb2IvNCthMTJQZWtpbDBNTGlIL2tHSWZ1dCtPcDltNHFGWUMiLCJtYWMiOiI1YTgwOTA5NmJjMDkwZTc5ODBhZjEwNDExYzQyMjVmNmJkNGIwNjE0MjQxYjU1NmZiMzdhZTBjMmMyOWQ5OWI3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22-Feb-2025 01:26:36 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlN5WFhPTnF6aFdzNW9hdFV1ZnhYTmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidlM5MHoxOHJtbjQvZEZGN3hoZHpIckFkMXVRY2FXUjFGaHVMVlQ2TnVtWVlxckZFYnhLRUdFTDFrNm4ycWZLYjRJdkcvd" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkZFMisrbEZoTGwwUXloT3AyV0dZb0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicGFLSjlnNFlsVytNaXFFak5sOFM3akxmZStKa1NJQ1gySzBvcmVQY3RxK0tobFBVVzFuM2phQUY5UGZXRU9kZm1Za2draUlieGFaYWhSTU5GUk5TanpRK2hZKzdXMHo3dXdRT2NnemY3Q2Q4NFNpdG1oSG5MNldCS0VsSGlsU1IiLCJtYWMiOiJmMTFiNWVkZTkxMGVhNDBjMGYxOGZkZWY2NTU5MzBhZTJkZDBiOTc4Y2ZlZGU4YTMxMzMyZTUxZDkyNzY3MmIyIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkZFMisrbEZoTGwwUXloT3AyV0dZb0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicGFLSjlnNFlsVytNaXFFak5sOFM3akxmZStKa1NJQ1gySzBvcmVQY3RxK0tobFBVVzFuM2phQUY" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "d22zTxp0nRr6RtCBPzNosh5w4T8cTVDHuXQon6cr" "uc_cart_id" => "803f71c0dccb4aff7b072b7b28ecd0f1" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/17529" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-19 13:26:36GET/chapter/175291121913