Applications of Nanomaterials in Energy Storage and Electronics

Graphene Based Hybrid Nanocomposites for Solar Cells

Author(s): Sachin Kadian, Manjinder Singh and Gaurav Manik * .

Pp: 61-77 (17)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815050714122030007

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Over the last few years, due to its exceptional two-dimensional (2D) structure, graphene has played a key role in developing conductive transparent devices and acquired significant attention from scientists to get placed as a boon material in the energy industry. Graphene-based materials have played several roles, including interfacial buffer layers, electron/hole transport material, and transparent electrodes in photovoltaic devices. Apart from charge extraction and electron transportation, graphene protects the photovoltaic devices from atmospheric degradation through its 2D network and offers long-term air or environmental stability. This chapter focuses on the recent advancements in graphene and its nanocomposites-based solar cell devices, including dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), organic solar cells (OSCs), and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We further discuss the impact of incorporating graphenebased materials on the power conversion efficiency for each type of solar cell. The last section of this chapter highlights the potential challenges and future research scope of graphene-based nanocomposites for solar cell applications.


Keywords: Bulk heterojunction, Carbon nanotubes, Dye-sensitized solar cells, Electron transport layer, Graphene, Graphene oxide, Graphene quantum dots, Hole transport layer, Organic solar cells, Open circuit voltage, Perovskite solar cells, Reduced graphene oxide.

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version244msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[13:30:51] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (128ms)time
  • Application (117ms)time
  • 1 x Booting (52.22%)
    128ms
    1 x Application (47.78%)
    117ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    19 statements were executed31.8ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('314567762','',1,1739971851,1739971851) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739971851
      1.44msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('314567762','/chapter/17523',1,1739971851,1739971851)
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314567762 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314567762) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314567762 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314567762) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 314567762 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314567762) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314567762 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314567762) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314567762 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314567762) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 314567762 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314567762) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314567762 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314567762) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314567762 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314567762) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 314567762 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314567762) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314567762 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314567762) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314567762 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314567762) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 314567762 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314567762) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 314567762 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314567762) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314567762 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314567762) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 314567762 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314567762) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 314567762 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 314567762) limit 1
      18.6msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 314567762
      • 1: 314567762
      • 2: 314567762
      • 3: 314567762
      • 4: 314567762
      • 5: 314567762
      • 6: 314567762
      • 7: 314567762
      • 8: 314567762
      • 9: 314567762
      • 10: 314567762
      • 11: 314567762
      • 12: 314567762
      • 13: 314567762
      • 14: 314567762
      • 15: 314567762
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '17523' limit 1
      470μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 17523
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '17523' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      990μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 17523
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '17523'
      430μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 17523
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 1021 limit 1
      330μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 1021
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1021) and se.ebook_id!=1021 and v.ebook_status='1'
      1.71msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1021) and se.ebook_id!=1021 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      1.12msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1021)
      570μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=1021) limit 10 offset 0
      640μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 3386 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      700μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 3386
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 1021 and ebook_volume_id <> 3386 limit 1
      350μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 1021
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '17523' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      400μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '3386' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      320μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314567762 and j.to_ip >=314567762 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739971851 and j.to_date >= 1739971851 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3386) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314567762 and j.to_ip >=314567762 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739971851 and j.to_date >= 1739971851 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3386) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314567762 and j.to_ip >=314567762 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739971851 and j.to_date >= 1739971851 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3386)
      760μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314567762 and j.to_ip >=314567762 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739971851 and j.to_date >= 1739971851 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17523) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314567762 and j.to_ip >=314567762 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739971851 and j.to_date >= 1739971851 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17523) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314567762 and j.to_ip >=314567762 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739971851 and j.to_date >= 1739971851 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 17523)
      860μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3386 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739971851 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739971851 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.6msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3386
      • 3: 1739971851
      • 4: 1739971851
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='4c839983ff4c8be3b48710fca2768114'
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    12Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        p0kJTsbIfIjeDczV5h8QHHbh4Q60AgK8dk9Xz5aR
        uc_cart_id
        4c839983ff4c8be3b48710fca2768114
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/17523" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/17523
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImRINHFEbXFMTmt1d1c1aEZMay83Wmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoic3MzU0h1SVlwY2J2TXZMZXJVQVRHOU5zSGtWYVdDRlkrMVFXemJhd2J1TT0iLCJtYWMiOiIxNzk3MWRmYWUxNDA0YWFjZDEyYTFhODBmMGZlNTJlYjU3MTI0YjcyNDZiYjU1ZTIzMGM2MTZkMGNjMTA2MmU1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImRINHFEbXFMTmt1d1c1aEZMay83Wmc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoic3MzU0h1SVlwY2J2TXZMZXJVQVRHOU5zSGtWYVdDRlkrMVFXemJhd2J1TT0iLCJtYWMiOiIxNzk3MWRmYWUxNDA0" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Wed, 19 Feb 2025 13:30:51 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkNLYit4V0VETDNhd2RVRmVGaUpsTEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaXNyMzlJWUtXbDJoYjZ0bk14dlBpcDVVb0FXb04rY2haY0MzbGE0WXQrWEhsRlVJM2syNVp4Wm0yVlBQRkNlQ0dZc2o1K1l0eGxIQ3NjWDNkeEJDS09FaDc0UkRCbE5rUUMvWkZLZllic291TUx5YUpGRkhjMUdGdGowclpvWU8iLCJtYWMiOiI3YzhhMTU1NmI1NmFiMzQ5NzQ1MDZmNjVjYzIyZDhiYzNiODZmYWUwZmNjZThlZjJkOGQyYWMxNjNkZmE1YTFjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22 Feb 2025 01:30:51 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkNLYit4V0VETDNhd2RVRmVGaUpsTEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaXNyMzlJWUtXbDJoYjZ0bk14dlBpcDVVb0FXb04rY2haY0MzbGE0WXQrWEhsRlVJM2syNVp4Wm0yVlBQRkNlQ0dZc2o1K" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Im9kbjJYM3NGMXBtRlUvWVlCTTFTdFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoielYvS1E0d3lkU0RZT21DcHJJZitnWU10ZXRQeE9ORVgzTzRIWEFMdm5jZ1JCcjVrUmh5RWdKRHBRYlZJczdjcnlZTE9PbkVDZE5Pd0hoejlET1k1T0RiNnBDclc2ZjY4SXRQMlQ2ZHQ3eGVheHRIN3JtZTZFU29jdENsZDZMOTMiLCJtYWMiOiIxY2I0OThiNDllOTAyY2I2ZjdiODZlZDBlODM2YjdiNmMyMzNiZjM5YjcwMWU4YTU3MDE1Nzk1MzlkNGVjNmFhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Im9kbjJYM3NGMXBtRlUvWVlCTTFTdFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoielYvS1E0d3lkU0RZT21DcHJJZitnWU10ZXRQeE9ORVgzTzRIWEFMdm5jZ1JCcjVrUmh5RWdKRHB" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkNLYit4V0VETDNhd2RVRmVGaUpsTEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaXNyMzlJWUtXbDJoYjZ0bk14dlBpcDVVb0FXb04rY2haY0MzbGE0WXQrWEhsRlVJM2syNVp4Wm0yVlBQRkNlQ0dZc2o1K1l0eGxIQ3NjWDNkeEJDS09FaDc0UkRCbE5rUUMvWkZLZllic291TUx5YUpGRkhjMUdGdGowclpvWU8iLCJtYWMiOiI3YzhhMTU1NmI1NmFiMzQ5NzQ1MDZmNjVjYzIyZDhiYzNiODZmYWUwZmNjZThlZjJkOGQyYWMxNjNkZmE1YTFjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22-Feb-2025 01:30:51 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkNLYit4V0VETDNhd2RVRmVGaUpsTEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaXNyMzlJWUtXbDJoYjZ0bk14dlBpcDVVb0FXb04rY2haY0MzbGE0WXQrWEhsRlVJM2syNVp4Wm0yVlBQRkNlQ0dZc2o1K" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Im9kbjJYM3NGMXBtRlUvWVlCTTFTdFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoielYvS1E0d3lkU0RZT21DcHJJZitnWU10ZXRQeE9ORVgzTzRIWEFMdm5jZ1JCcjVrUmh5RWdKRHBRYlZJczdjcnlZTE9PbkVDZE5Pd0hoejlET1k1T0RiNnBDclc2ZjY4SXRQMlQ2ZHQ3eGVheHRIN3JtZTZFU29jdENsZDZMOTMiLCJtYWMiOiIxY2I0OThiNDllOTAyY2I2ZjdiODZlZDBlODM2YjdiNmMyMzNiZjM5YjcwMWU4YTU3MDE1Nzk1MzlkNGVjNmFhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Im9kbjJYM3NGMXBtRlUvWVlCTTFTdFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoielYvS1E0d3lkU0RZT21DcHJJZitnWU10ZXRQeE9ORVgzTzRIWEFMdm5jZ1JCcjVrUmh5RWdKRHB" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "p0kJTsbIfIjeDczV5h8QHHbh4Q60AgK8dk9Xz5aR" "uc_cart_id" => "4c839983ff4c8be3b48710fca2768114" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/17523" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-19 13:30:51GET/chapter/175231121914