Experimental Stroke

Research Progress of Hypothermia: Selective Intra-arterial Infusion and Regional Brain Cooling in Acute Stroke Therapy

Author(s): Yuchuan Ding and Justin Charles Clark

Pp: 52-62 (11)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805001710901010052

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

In the United States, stroke is the 3rd leading cause of death, behind diseases of the heart and cancer, and the number 1 cause of disability. Basic research on stroke has been extensive, but clinically effective therapies are still lacking. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for selected patients (3%) with ischemic stroke. The benefit of this thrombolytic therapy is largely limited by it's selection criteria and its side effects. An area of stroke research that holds much promise is regional brain cooling. The neuroprotective effect of hypothermia has long been recognized. Currently used whole body cooling for brain injury treatment from stroke was abandoned because of management problems, severe side effects and delayed onset of cerebral hypothermia. Recent studies in a rat stroke model have utilized a unique technique to infuse the microvasculature in the ischemic territory prior to reperfusion with cold saline, leading to a improved outcomes in this animal model. Translating the research done with combined intra-arterial revascularization and local brain cooling to the clinical realm could advance the treatment of stroke beyond the levels achieved by current therapies.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59134794 and j.to_ip >=59134794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834432 and j.to_date >= 1739834432 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 1735) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59134794 and j.to_ip >=59134794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834432 and j.to_date >= 1739834432 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 1735) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59134794 and j.to_ip >=59134794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834432 and j.to_date >= 1739834432 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 1735)
      550μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 916 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834432 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834432 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 916
      • 3: 1739834432
      • 4: 1739834432
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='8b2782f5bed06b572c7aaf42680df52a'
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Keywords
    1Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        gj0DKypQs0BYbHQ1oqjIuuoEke43LacflyFw3kfl
        uc_cart_id
        8b2782f5bed06b572c7aaf42680df52a
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/1735" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/1735
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Ik1WeGJhY25kMnloc2Jvb1VJVGl5cVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNGR6R0lWdkovYVpxS3NJOWxwNkFWTStmaXhkT1kzcjBtd0lRU3BXU1ZkQT0iLCJtYWMiOiJiZGViYmY0ZTdlMjk1ZjdjOThlMjk3MDQ1NWIzYjdhN2FjY2VjZjQ3OWM5YmEzMTNhMmQxOWE2MDg4ZWUxZmJmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6Ik1WeGJhY25kMnloc2Jvb1VJVGl5cVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNGR6R0lWdkovYVpxS3NJOWxwNkFWTStmaXhkT1kzcjBtd0lRU3BXU1ZkQT0iLCJtYWMiOiJiZGViYmY0ZTdlMjk1" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 17 Feb 2025 23:20:32 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjZBUldzeFRFYVo1a0JZY2xaK3RuM1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaEZIVjRrYWs0L3NjWFpiVjJtc2RPcm55Qk5JbTdvdmN3U2pDa2kwNitRMVB4dUp1a3IrSjYyTk9BN1p4TlJTTXk0TlZzWm1TL3RlRnhVWHN4aXV1MGt4NXM2UEJyUnZ2Z05sNDZ3ZFRIQzltUUdyckNpS1B3QS9qSHEvZ0RyRWUiLCJtYWMiOiJkOWUwMGMyYjBhODA0OTJiYzAyMmZjODBiNDAxYzM5NjE3NzJkNjI5MWM4NDc1MzkyYjBjMjZiZDk1ZDU2ZmYwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 11:20:32 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjZBUldzeFRFYVo1a0JZY2xaK3RuM1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaEZIVjRrYWs0L3NjWFpiVjJtc2RPcm55Qk5JbTdvdmN3U2pDa2kwNitRMVB4dUp1a3IrSjYyTk9BN1p4TlJTTXk0TlZzW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjJLWUhsd0RtdXZTbmQ3YTJVTlMrUWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVkpSa2ZLcElIcS93dk55Ty9NdmhrcTBUcWx3bGxFRTR5UTJkcXhSZEw2a2o0cklGT2pGakJ6elh6RmowbmZQS202SjFpWFRBdStkZ0NRTzc3eEZXZ3dBQ0dmOHdGTitlTUlsMzVaYnhHYlVML3N2UGljYkh6SVNFY08vSlFVMGEiLCJtYWMiOiJjM2MzOTMzYzlkY2RjYTliZTc1ZDZmZTI5MjA5MTYwZTIzZDJkOTNhZmRiM2UyMjMzODdmNWM1NGEzNTczNzdhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjJLWUhsd0RtdXZTbmQ3YTJVTlMrUWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVkpSa2ZLcElIcS93dk55Ty9NdmhrcTBUcWx3bGxFRTR5UTJkcXhSZEw2a2o0cklGT2pGakJ6elh" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjZBUldzeFRFYVo1a0JZY2xaK3RuM1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaEZIVjRrYWs0L3NjWFpiVjJtc2RPcm55Qk5JbTdvdmN3U2pDa2kwNitRMVB4dUp1a3IrSjYyTk9BN1p4TlJTTXk0TlZzWm1TL3RlRnhVWHN4aXV1MGt4NXM2UEJyUnZ2Z05sNDZ3ZFRIQzltUUdyckNpS1B3QS9qSHEvZ0RyRWUiLCJtYWMiOiJkOWUwMGMyYjBhODA0OTJiYzAyMmZjODBiNDAxYzM5NjE3NzJkNjI5MWM4NDc1MzkyYjBjMjZiZDk1ZDU2ZmYwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 11:20:32 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IjZBUldzeFRFYVo1a0JZY2xaK3RuM1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaEZIVjRrYWs0L3NjWFpiVjJtc2RPcm55Qk5JbTdvdmN3U2pDa2kwNitRMVB4dUp1a3IrSjYyTk9BN1p4TlJTTXk0TlZzW" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjJLWUhsd0RtdXZTbmQ3YTJVTlMrUWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVkpSa2ZLcElIcS93dk55Ty9NdmhrcTBUcWx3bGxFRTR5UTJkcXhSZEw2a2o0cklGT2pGakJ6elh6RmowbmZQS202SjFpWFRBdStkZ0NRTzc3eEZXZ3dBQ0dmOHdGTitlTUlsMzVaYnhHYlVML3N2UGljYkh6SVNFY08vSlFVMGEiLCJtYWMiOiJjM2MzOTMzYzlkY2RjYTliZTc1ZDZmZTI5MjA5MTYwZTIzZDJkOTNhZmRiM2UyMjMzODdmNWM1NGEzNTczNzdhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IjJLWUhsd0RtdXZTbmQ3YTJVTlMrUWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVkpSa2ZLcElIcS93dk55Ty9NdmhrcTBUcWx3bGxFRTR5UTJkcXhSZEw2a2o0cklGT2pGakJ6elh" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "gj0DKypQs0BYbHQ1oqjIuuoEke43LacflyFw3kfl" "uc_cart_id" => "8b2782f5bed06b572c7aaf42680df52a" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/1735" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:20:32GET/chapter/1735112193