Lumbar Spine

Endoscopic Treatment of Lumbar Facet Cysts

Author(s): Stefan Hellinger* and Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski

Pp: 162-180 (19)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815051537122020012

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Cysts associated with degeneration of the lumbar facet joints are commonly encountered during routine lumbar endoscopy. They can be difficult to dissect and may heighten the risk of nerve root injury when they are fibrotically attached. Many of these cysts are extradural. Because of their highly inflammatory nature, they may be associated with radicular symptoms even without associated mechanical compression of the traversing or exiting nerve root of the symptomatic surgical level. These synovial cysts may be acutely painful. Their related symptoms may be difficult to distinguish from those caused by lumbar disc herniation or stenosis in the lateral spinal canal on clinical examination. The endoscopic spine surgeon is often forced to deal with them to complete the neural element decompression. What is less clear is what to do with patients with sizeable isolated facet joint based cysts without much other clinical pathology. The surgical indications and prognosticators of favorable clinical outcomes with endoscopic surgery are less well understood. Therefore, the authors performed a systematic analysis of their clinical series of patients they identified to have had synovial cysts either on preoperative advanced imaging studies or on those they found serendipitously during routine lumbar endoscopy. In total, 48 were identified in whom removal of the extradural cyst was performed during routine transforaminal and interlaminar endoscopy. The primary indication for surgery in these patients was painful foraminal and lateral recess stenosis. The patients were divided into 26 females and 22 males. The L4/5 level was the most frequent site of facet based cysts. It was found in 26 patients (72.2%). The second most common site was the L5/S1 level in 8 patients (22.2%), followed by two patients (5.6%) at the L3/4 level. A single patient had endoscopic decompression at the T9/10 level. Outcome analysis showed clinical improvements in all patients. According to the modified Macnab criteria, 19/48 (39.6%) patients had excellent outcomes. Good and fair results were achieved in 18/48 (37.5%) and 11/48 (22.9%) patients, respectively. The observed VAS leg pain score reductions were substantial and statistically significant (p < 0.000) from preoperative 8.06 ± 1.57 to postoperative 1.92 ± 1.49, and 1.77 ± 1.32 at final follow-up. One patient had a recurrent disc herniation, and another patient did not improve. Two patients underwent fusion during the follow-up period. Patients with Fair outcomes had a statistically significant association (p < 0.001) with facet instability as suggested by axial T2-weighted MRI imaging findings of thickened ligamentum flavum, facet joint hypertrophy, and a bright white fluid-filled joint gap of > 2 mm. Endoscopic resection of extradural spinal cysts that nearly exclusively stem from degenerated lumbar facet joints in skilled hands is feasible. Instability was one of the prognosticators of Fair Macnab outcomes.


Keywords: Endoscopic decompression, Extradural cysts, Lumbar foraminal stenosis

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version237msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[18:01:42] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (137ms)time
  • Application (101ms)time
  • 1 x Booting (57.54%)
    137ms
    1 x Application (42.45%)
    101ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    19 statements were executed27.1ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316245611','',1,1739988102,1739988102) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739988102
      1.06msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('316245611','/chapter/16884',1,1739988102,1739988102)
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316245611 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316245611) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316245611 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316245611) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316245611 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316245611) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316245611 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316245611) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316245611 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316245611) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 316245611 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316245611) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316245611 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316245611) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316245611 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316245611) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 316245611 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316245611) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316245611 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316245611) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316245611 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316245611) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 316245611 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316245611) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 316245611 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316245611) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316245611 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316245611) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 316245611 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316245611) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 316245611 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 316245611) limit 1
      13.27msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 316245611
      • 1: 316245611
      • 2: 316245611
      • 3: 316245611
      • 4: 316245611
      • 5: 316245611
      • 6: 316245611
      • 7: 316245611
      • 8: 316245611
      • 9: 316245611
      • 10: 316245611
      • 11: 316245611
      • 12: 316245611
      • 13: 316245611
      • 14: 316245611
      • 15: 316245611
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '16884' limit 1
      310μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 16884
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '16884' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      1.55msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 16884
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '16884'
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 16884
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 974 limit 1
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 974
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=974) and se.ebook_id!=974 and v.ebook_status='1'
      2.4msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=974) and se.ebook_id!=974 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      850μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=974)
      420μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=974) limit 10 offset 0
      540μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 3335 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      870μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 3335
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 974 and ebook_volume_id <> 3335 limit 1
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 974
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '16884' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      460μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '3335' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      400μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316245611 and j.to_ip >=316245611 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988102 and j.to_date >= 1739988102 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3335) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316245611 and j.to_ip >=316245611 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988102 and j.to_date >= 1739988102 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3335) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316245611 and j.to_ip >=316245611 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988102 and j.to_date >= 1739988102 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3335)
      960μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316245611 and j.to_ip >=316245611 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988102 and j.to_date >= 1739988102 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16884) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316245611 and j.to_ip >=316245611 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988102 and j.to_date >= 1739988102 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16884) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316245611 and j.to_ip >=316245611 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988102 and j.to_date >= 1739988102 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16884)
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3335 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739988102 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739988102 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.67msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3335
      • 3: 1739988102
      • 4: 1739988102
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='acfda46aee6d7cc28d842e3f4a41ff28'
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    3Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        WGx1cnQsiZevAxGuIeI9mfvvtXGfppj79Wf2Hc1P
        uc_cart_id
        acfda46aee6d7cc28d842e3f4a41ff28
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/16884" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/16884
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:16 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        []
        
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Wed, 19 Feb 2025 18:01:42 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ilc0dTdSZW56NkRYRHJ0N3EzS09VSVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDBjUVE2K0I1aHZjM2svOU84RVprMWU5Vzg2M3VLZEcrMUVEbFhieThpWVM5cWlhWlBYRFpyMGd1NlNpQlpYT3A1cjBLelE2UkhQMWlBdjNMY1lGeFVQaTUzR3dKTVBIbXRQVkZGQitQc01raS9OVEtmY0lMWTVkaUVvYkM4NU4iLCJtYWMiOiIzYTcwNTI1OTdjODM2MGZhN2Y1YThlYWI0ZjM5Yjc1Y2ZlYzFjMThkYmZjZWE2M2U0YjgzNDUzN2I1YWYwNzBjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22 Feb 2025 06:01:42 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ilc0dTdSZW56NkRYRHJ0N3EzS09VSVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDBjUVE2K0I1aHZjM2svOU84RVprMWU5Vzg2M3VLZEcrMUVEbFhieThpWVM5cWlhWlBYRFpyMGd1NlNpQlpYT3A1cjBLe" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImZFL0dLT3RLSjBBVlVkcTJWZ2Z2bEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZE9mUk5mazN1eGNaMFl1UCtRYkdnOGlUblNvdTVNNzl6VlgybGtjWmlHSmZGVC9wem44U1dsMS9HR3BaS2dVc0dkNWNna2FlNDhpNVhrSmJlalU4T2lva2Z5UXZ1b2twZUQ5WGkxRitKUmJ0NTVGMk8rclpranlKMHlpcW1meHMiLCJtYWMiOiIxMjI4NTg1YjUzZTA4OWI1MGE0NDhlYTVlMjBjNzBlMjdlYTgwMDExNzZiODcyNTA0ZGYxNzkyZDY4YzI5MzA5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImZFL0dLT3RLSjBBVlVkcTJWZ2Z2bEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZE9mUk5mazN1eGNaMFl1UCtRYkdnOGlUblNvdTVNNzl6VlgybGtjWmlHSmZGVC9wem44U1dsMS9" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ilc0dTdSZW56NkRYRHJ0N3EzS09VSVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDBjUVE2K0I1aHZjM2svOU84RVprMWU5Vzg2M3VLZEcrMUVEbFhieThpWVM5cWlhWlBYRFpyMGd1NlNpQlpYT3A1cjBLelE2UkhQMWlBdjNMY1lGeFVQaTUzR3dKTVBIbXRQVkZGQitQc01raS9OVEtmY0lMWTVkaUVvYkM4NU4iLCJtYWMiOiIzYTcwNTI1OTdjODM2MGZhN2Y1YThlYWI0ZjM5Yjc1Y2ZlYzFjMThkYmZjZWE2M2U0YjgzNDUzN2I1YWYwNzBjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22-Feb-2025 06:01:42 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ilc0dTdSZW56NkRYRHJ0N3EzS09VSVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMDBjUVE2K0I1aHZjM2svOU84RVprMWU5Vzg2M3VLZEcrMUVEbFhieThpWVM5cWlhWlBYRFpyMGd1NlNpQlpYT3A1cjBLe" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImZFL0dLT3RLSjBBVlVkcTJWZ2Z2bEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZE9mUk5mazN1eGNaMFl1UCtRYkdnOGlUblNvdTVNNzl6VlgybGtjWmlHSmZGVC9wem44U1dsMS9HR3BaS2dVc0dkNWNna2FlNDhpNVhrSmJlalU4T2lva2Z5UXZ1b2twZUQ5WGkxRitKUmJ0NTVGMk8rclpranlKMHlpcW1meHMiLCJtYWMiOiIxMjI4NTg1YjUzZTA4OWI1MGE0NDhlYTVlMjBjNzBlMjdlYTgwMDExNzZiODcyNTA0ZGYxNzkyZDY4YzI5MzA5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6ImZFL0dLT3RLSjBBVlVkcTJWZ2Z2bEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZE9mUk5mazN1eGNaMFl1UCtRYkdnOGlUblNvdTVNNzl6VlgybGtjWmlHSmZGVC9wem44U1dsMS9" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "WGx1cnQsiZevAxGuIeI9mfvvtXGfppj79Wf2Hc1P" "uc_cart_id" => "acfda46aee6d7cc28d842e3f4a41ff28" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/16884" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-19 18:01:42GET/chapter/16884112195