Yeasts: From Nature to Bioprocesses

Are Yeasts “Humanity’s Best Friends”?

Author(s): Sérgio L. Alves Jr*, Helen Treichel, Thiago O. Basso and Boris U. Stambuk

Pp: 431-458 (28)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815051063122020017

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

The beginning of the relationship between humans and yeasts is commonly
assigned to the Neolithic revolution. However, the role of these microorganisms as gut
symbionts of humans and other animals cannot be disregarded. In this case, the
timespan of this relationship should be measured in hundreds (not tens) of thousands of
years. Evidently, the hypothesis that the aforementioned symbiosis began precisely
with the domestication of yeasts during the Neolithic revolution period cannot be ruled
out as well. In any case, the relationship between humans and yeasts has broadly
developed from the moment humanity started to domesticate them to produce bread
and beverages, which seems to coincide with the Neolithic revolution period. Since
then, humanity has created novel bioprocesses with yeasts, even though the role of
these microorganisms was only really understood in the 19th century, especially with
the studies of Louis Pasteur. Today, yeasts drive a trillion-dollar global market, which
most likely presents the highest value among all sectors of industrial microbiology. In
this context, this book’s last chapter addresses the importance of yeasts in our society,
with positive impacts on the economy and the health of humans, animals, and plants.
We also discuss the role of these microorganisms in maintaining the balance and
diversity of species in the environment as a whole. Finally, we close the chapter by
highlighting the effects of their environmental role on human well-being and outlining
the potential of wild yeasts that can drift from nature to new bioprocesses.


Keywords: Beer, Beverage, Biocontrol, Biodiesel, Biotechnology, Bread, Cheese, Chocolate, Decomposition, Ethanol, Food industry, Growth-promoting, Microbial factory, Pharmaceuticals, Probiotic, Saccharomyces, Single-cell protein, Vaccine, VOCs, Wine.

Related Journals
Related Books
© 2025 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy
Request history8.2.27PHP Version182msRequest Duration26MBMemory UsageGET chapter/{id}/{param?}Route
  • warninglog[23:20:39] LOG.warning: Optional parameter $id declared before required parameter $request is implic...
  • Booting (100ms)time
  • Application (81.77ms)time
  • 1 x Booting (55.07%)
    100ms
    1 x Application (44.93%)
    81.77ms
    12 templates were rendered
    • ebook.chapter_detailschapter_details.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.chapter_header_sectionchapter_header_section.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_top_bannerchapter_top_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.chapter_bottom_bannerchapter_bottom_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • ebook.ebook_right_bannerebook_right_banner.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_journalsinc_related_journals.blade.php#?blade
    • includes.inc_related_ebooksinc_related_ebooks.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts.appapp.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._login_access_login_access.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._header_header.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._main_menu_main_menu.blade.php#?blade
    • layouts._footer_menu_footer_menu.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET chapter/{id}/{param?}
    middleware
    web, check_user_access
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\ChapterController@GetChapterDetails
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    where
    as
    chapter
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1350-1704
    19 statements were executed24.36ms
    • Connection Establishedalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 9. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 10. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 11. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address (ip_address,visitor_agent,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59134794','',1,1739834439,1739834439) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE visitor_count=visitor_count + 1, updated_on=1739834439
      890μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#24
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:24
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • INSERT INTO visitor_ip_address_detail (ip_address,visitor_url,visitor_count, created_on,updated_on) VALUES ('59134794','/chapter/16686',1,1739834439,1739834439)
      140μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccessCheck.php#27
      Backtrace
      • 11. middleware::check_user_access:27
      • 12. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:88
    • (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59134794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59134794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59134794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59134794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_journal_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59134794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59134794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59134794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59134794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59134794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59134794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_ebook_volume_token WHERE to_ip >= 59134794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59134794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59134794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59134794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59134794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59134794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_issue_token WHERE to_ip >= 59134794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59134794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59134794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59134794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59134794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59134794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_article_token WHERE to_ip >= 59134794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59134794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_trail WHERE to_ip >= 59134794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59134794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59134794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59134794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_chapter_token WHERE to_ip >= 59134794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59134794) union (select `user_id`, `to_ip`, `from_ip` from (select user_id, to_ip, from_ip FROM user_access_disease_corporate WHERE to_ip >= 59134794 ORDER BY to_ip ASC LIMIT 1) as `tjv` where `from_ip` <= 59134794) limit 1
      13.03msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#784
      Bindings
      • 0: 59134794
      • 1: 59134794
      • 2: 59134794
      • 3: 59134794
      • 4: 59134794
      • 5: 59134794
      • 6: 59134794
      • 7: 59134794
      • 8: 59134794
      • 9: 59134794
      • 10: 59134794
      • 11: 59134794
      • 12: 59134794
      • 13: 59134794
      • 14: 59134794
      • 15: 59134794
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:784
      • 15. middleware::check_user_access:114
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Middleware/SubstituteBindings.php:50
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:183
    • select * from `chapter` where `chapter_id` = '16686' limit 1
      290μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1406
      Bindings
      • 0: 16686
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1406
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.last_name) as authors, CONCAT(au.last_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), ' ', au.first_name) AS authorsRIS, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.last_name, ' ', ifnull(au.initials,''), ' ', au.first_name) as authorsCiteAs, CONCAT_WS(' ',au.first_name, IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.initials), ''), IFNULL(CONCAT(' ', au.last_name), '')) as authorsmodal , `au`.*, `af`.`ror_id`, `af`.`institution`, `af`.`department`, `af`.`country`, `af`.`city`, `af`.`address`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.institution,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.department,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.address,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.city,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.country,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.postal_code,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.phone,','),''), ifnull(concat(af.fax,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `author_affiliation`, (GROUP_CONCAT(TRIM(BOTH ', ' FROM CONCAT(ifnull(concat(af.web_view,','),''))) SEPARATOR '|')) as `web_view` from `author` as `au` left join `author_affiliation` as `af` on `au`.`author_id` = `af`.`author_id` where `au`.`chapter_id` = '16686' group by `au`.`author_id` order by `au`.`article_id` asc, `au`.`sequence` asc
      620μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Author.php#86
      Bindings
      • 0: 16686
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Author.php:86
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1411
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select * from `keywords` where `chapter_id` = '16686'
      270μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1415
      Bindings
      • 0: 16686
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1415
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select * from `ebook` where `ebook_id` = 962 limit 1
      200μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ChapterController.php#1430
      Bindings
      • 0: 962
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1430
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:206
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=962) and se.ebook_id!=962 and v.ebook_status='1'
      2.32msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct v.nid as volume_id,e.nid,e.title,v.issn,v.eissn,v.isbn,v.eisbn,e.ebook_id, v.image_file_name,v.file_path,v.flyer_link,v.ebook_volume_id, v.volume_name,v.doi,v.year_id,v.introduction from `subject_ebook` as `se` inner join `ebook` as `e` on `e`.`ebook_id` = `se`.`ebook_id` inner join `ebook_volume` as `v` on `v`.`ebook_id` = `e`.`ebook_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=962) and se.ebook_id!=962 and v.ebook_status='1' limit 10 offset 0
      880μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#238
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:238
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1434
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=962)
      510μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 16. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 17. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select distinct j.nid as journal_nid,j.title,j.subtitle,j.issn,j.eissn,j.keyword,sj.journal_id,j.image_file_name,j.flyer_link from `subject_journal` as `sj` inner join `journal` as `j` on `j`.`journal_id` = `sj`.`journal_id` where subject_id IN (select subject_id FROM subject_ebook WHERE ebook_id=962) limit 10 offset 0
      550μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Subject.php#255
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/Subject.php:255
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1435
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select `e`.*, `a`.*, `y`.`year`, `e`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebook_volume_id`, `a`.`ebook_volume_id` as `ebk_vol_id`, `e`.`ebook_id` as `ebk_ebook_id` from `ebook_volume` as `e` left join `author` as `a` on `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = `a`.`ebook_volume_id` left join `year` as `y` on `y`.`id` = `e`.`year_id` where `e`.`ebook_volume_id` = 3321 and `e`.`is_uploaded` = 1
      600μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#271
      Bindings
      • 0: 3321
      • 1: 1
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:271
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1438
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) rcd from `ebook_volume` where `ebook_id` = 962 and ebook_volume_id <> 3321 limit 1
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022EbookVolume.php#999
      Bindings
      • 0: 962
      Backtrace
      • 14. app/Models/EbookVolume.php:999
      • 15. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1462
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '16686' and content_type = 'c' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      340μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select count(*) as total_count, content_type_access_id as access_type from ebook_access where content_type_id = '3321' and content_type = 'v' and ( (from_date <= CURDATE() and to_date >= CURDATE() and perpetual= 0) or (from_date is null and to_date is null and perpetual= 1) )
      300μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022ContentAccess.php#647
      Backtrace
      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59134794 and j.to_ip >=59134794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834439 and j.to_date >= 1739834439 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3321) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59134794 and j.to_ip >=59134794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834439 and j.to_date >= 1739834439 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3321) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"ebook_volume" as access_level,"" as chapter_id from `user_access_ebook_volume_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59134794 and j.to_ip >=59134794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834439 and j.to_date >= 1739834439 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.volume_id = 3321)
      770μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59134794 and j.to_ip >=59134794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834439 and j.to_date >= 1739834439 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16686) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59134794 and j.to_ip >=59134794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834439 and j.to_date >= 1739834439 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16686) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 59134794 and j.to_ip >=59134794 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834439 and j.to_date >= 1739834439 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16686)
      720μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3321 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834440 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834440 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.42msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3321
      • 3: 1739834440
      • 4: 1739834440
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='3a282c8a5de5dabbb0bb353a67b6adf0'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    20Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        XC87rDKCYoPItlHgkfT4lJUDl23yYWwFw9Ue05Hx
        uc_cart_id
        3a282c8a5de5dabbb0bb353a67b6adf0
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/16686" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/16686
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjliNzFKdFcyMG5aT2VFanRpTDdZSXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicktleHllcDZJNWRnckZlZnltUk9vcmdWSHVycXJmYXQ2OWFlTUE1SGtMQnBpVVAwVzRPWVI3R2QvSVFTQU1NVyIsIm1hYyI6IjEyY2E1MmZkODJhZGQ4MWFlODhhYzY0ZDBmNzUzOGYwZTk3YWQ4MzRhODM1YmI0ODczMjcxMjdlZGUxNjY4ZWQiLCJ0YWciOiIifQ%3D%3D; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkJKemQrRDd0bCtkUEdvMENFTmFpWXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieGZNTnBHb3FackZMc29VSE5TZ0l6SGM0YzNDNGdwNW9aTWtoM1RzSExRcjFrWERsaXlrckYzVVU3RTRUdUwvelIzK254VGxld0oxWmdRZFBMRG16Z3ErdVpDNFk2UmFQWU4wOUJQNVNsQnRVQ2lHWVczSStLVzM3MHVqVnFCb0kiLCJtYWMiOiI0MjYwOWRkMzQ0MTU0Y2M2NTRkYTU1YWZhZDMxODI5OTRjNTAwZjBmYmEyYjIxMGJlOGVhMWIyM2Q1Yzg0NmVmIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IkJ2TFcxN2g2VFNoR2R4TTk1dk9FUVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiSk9SYjl3MmVqR1htb2dSRHV4SkY5bTEydFFacE81aG4xQ280OWU1MWd3RDNsZTZROU4wZVptaGZ5dmh2dmpLcnNoZFdsTnNOc1E3a0RFMzZiYkRmRHkrK3pvSnA4WFc1VERUWFRwWlpra012TklhaFJVM3V0NEVOejFLM2pUT1AiLCJtYWMiOiIyNTBlZDY5OWVmMGMyZjczNjNiZWEwMmNlYzAzMTlmMTIyMzIyOWNmZjNiODY3NzA5ZGE1MjZmMWMwM2M0YzY4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjliNzFKdFcyMG5aT2VFanRpTDdZSXc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoicktleHllcDZJNWRnckZlZnltUk9vcmdWSHVycXJmYXQ2OWFlTUE1SGtMQnBpVVAwVzRPWVI3R2QvSVFTQU1NVyIs" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:3 [ "wayfindertarget" => null "XSRF-TOKEN" => "XC87rDKCYoPItlHgkfT4lJUDl23yYWwFw9Ue05Hx" "alphaeurekaselectnet_session" => "QEYlBWgpqQsX2vvJ81vmHqflL1PCmwJi6zoOjUAL" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 17 Feb 2025 23:20:40 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InoxQ3VQSW1lUnZtdThvblk5VUlhL3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWWc0eHp4MUdKdDNtNUVHaDB1NWorWGdaRXZZVGhjUnNjdWRNSlYydklNeXRvTWdHRVI1QnJyeHF0UmNWMGFFVFJMTmhzRWQ0Zk50UmVwUDRlSFk3QlBrRHJVS1dOYXFOL2N6ZTVzRnVBQTJ4OVdmeTcybTZyRmNzSHJpb0Z2MmciLCJtYWMiOiJiNmFhODVlYTQ3ZWJmODUzYjQzMzNjZjE2YTA3ZDhhZmMwODk5ZDIzMTk0NDU0OGI3ZDJlNWVkZTkzMjczNGI3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20 Feb 2025 11:20:40 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InoxQ3VQSW1lUnZtdThvblk5VUlhL3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWWc0eHp4MUdKdDNtNUVHaDB1NWorWGdaRXZZVGhjUnNjdWRNSlYydklNeXRvTWdHRVI1QnJyeHF0UmNWMGFFVFJMTmhzR" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlZhdmYzNkNlSy9hcjFNdmhaYVZaT3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZmF6UnNqWE1QK2lna1RkRXNSZkNMc082Uk9rU0p5TkJHU2tuSHZnSmlNMHllWUZBSzgrUHU4ak81VXVPYWYxUVR0cmNHNVFlSzkrNS8yeFFUY3VpcVJhNkIySW0vSHZNVG5mWEUvWVZZYnFkNTlwL3NIanRadUdpazJhS2RSK0kiLCJtYWMiOiI2ZWZjMmNmOWZmNzI5NGE0NDlkMWRmNWJiYWM2ZmI5MDU3MjlmODlmYzkwZDI4NzYzNTI0YWQxMDMyZjc3YTA0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlZhdmYzNkNlSy9hcjFNdmhaYVZaT3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZmF6UnNqWE1QK2lna1RkRXNSZkNMc082Uk9rU0p5TkJHU2tuSHZnSmlNMHllWUZBSzgrUHU4ak8" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InoxQ3VQSW1lUnZtdThvblk5VUlhL3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWWc0eHp4MUdKdDNtNUVHaDB1NWorWGdaRXZZVGhjUnNjdWRNSlYydklNeXRvTWdHRVI1QnJyeHF0UmNWMGFFVFJMTmhzRWQ0Zk50UmVwUDRlSFk3QlBrRHJVS1dOYXFOL2N6ZTVzRnVBQTJ4OVdmeTcybTZyRmNzSHJpb0Z2MmciLCJtYWMiOiJiNmFhODVlYTQ3ZWJmODUzYjQzMzNjZjE2YTA3ZDhhZmMwODk5ZDIzMTk0NDU0OGI3ZDJlNWVkZTkzMjczNGI3IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Thu, 20-Feb-2025 11:20:40 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6InoxQ3VQSW1lUnZtdThvblk5VUlhL3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWWc0eHp4MUdKdDNtNUVHaDB1NWorWGdaRXZZVGhjUnNjdWRNSlYydklNeXRvTWdHRVI1QnJyeHF0UmNWMGFFVFJMTmhzR" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlZhdmYzNkNlSy9hcjFNdmhaYVZaT3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZmF6UnNqWE1QK2lna1RkRXNSZkNMc082Uk9rU0p5TkJHU2tuSHZnSmlNMHllWUZBSzgrUHU4ak81VXVPYWYxUVR0cmNHNVFlSzkrNS8yeFFUY3VpcVJhNkIySW0vSHZNVG5mWEUvWVZZYnFkNTlwL3NIanRadUdpazJhS2RSK0kiLCJtYWMiOiI2ZWZjMmNmOWZmNzI5NGE0NDlkMWRmNWJiYWM2ZmI5MDU3MjlmODlmYzkwZDI4NzYzNTI0YWQxMDMyZjc3YTA0IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IlZhdmYzNkNlSy9hcjFNdmhaYVZaT3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiZmF6UnNqWE1QK2lna1RkRXNSZkNMc082Uk9rU0p5TkJHU2tuSHZnSmlNMHllWUZBSzgrUHU4ak8" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "XC87rDKCYoPItlHgkfT4lJUDl23yYWwFw9Ue05Hx" "uc_cart_id" => "3a282c8a5de5dabbb0bb353a67b6adf0" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/16686" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:20:40GET/chapter/166861121922