Nanotherapeutics for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Potential Nanoformulation Approaches for Delivery of HCC Therapeutic Agents

Author(s): Maria Lucia A.D Lestari and Biswadip Sinha * .

Pp: 384-448 (65)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815039740122010012

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cancer type worldwide. The
major challenge with HCC is that it is usually detected at an advanced stage. After the
launch of the first drug Sorafenib against HCC in 2007, several other small molecules
and monoclonal antibody-based drugs have been launched to fight against HCC.
However, the survival rate in HCC is still very poor. This indicates that there is still a
necessity for more effective therapy or to increase the efficacy of the existing therapy.
Nanoformulation approach refers to such formulation approaches where the particle
size of individual particles or vesicles in a formulation range between 1-1000 nm. The
individual particle or vesicle could be either single drug particles or
nanosphere/nanocapsules having drug entrapped in polymer/lipid matrix or drug
connected with metal or metal oxide core. The idea of using nanoformulations for drug
targeting first came around the 1950s. Since then, countless research groups across the
world have advanced the field to the extent that several products based on the
nanoformulation approach have been launched on the market. Besides targeting,
nanoparticles can also help circumvent biopharmaceutical challenges of drugs, such as
dissolution, limited oral bioavailability issue, or formulating “hard to solubilize” types
of molecules for parenteral formulation. This chapter will review different
nanoformulation approaches that can be potentially applied for HCC therapy, their
manufacturing process, and therapeutic benefits. We will review the application of
different nanoformulation approaches for HCC specific therapeutic agents.


Keywords: Liposome, Liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCN), Micelle, Nano lipid carrier (NLC), Nanocrystal, Nanosuspension, Polymeric nanoparticles, Solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN), Targeted therapy.

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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1465
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 14. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
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      560μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314567762 and j.to_ip >=314567762 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988723 and j.to_date >= 1739988723 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16549) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314567762 and j.to_ip >=314567762 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988723 and j.to_date >= 1739988723 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16549) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314567762 and j.to_ip >=314567762 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988723 and j.to_date >= 1739988723 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16549)
      750μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3312 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739988723 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739988723 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.05msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3312
      • 3: 1739988723
      • 4: 1739988723
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='3f61d664984c707f02620df2fe0b9038'
      230μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    9Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        Bai4ZCjPZl4m3PO2gTHLoV4Q9johHY72kP0iW0iT
        uc_cart_id
        3f61d664984c707f02620df2fe0b9038
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/16549" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/16549
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-19 18:12:03GET/chapter/165491121911