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Nanotherapeutics for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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A Summarized View of Lipid, Polyplex, Inorganic, and Carbon-Based Nanotherapeutics for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treatment

Author(s): Riddhi Trivedi, Sanjay Arora, Richard N. L. Lamptey, Bivek Chaulagain, Jagdish Singh* and Buddhadev Layek * .

Pp: 248-279 (32)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815039740122010008

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Liver cancer is one of the primary causes of global cancer deaths after lung
cancer and colorectal cancer. In 2021, an estimated 42,230 new liver cancer cases will
be diagnosed, and approximately 30 thousand people will die of these cancers in the
United States alone. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) alone accounts for nearly 75% of
all liver cancers. Early detection of HCC enables multiple treatment choices resulting
in improved therapeutic outcomes. Unfortunately, most HCC cases are typically
diagnosed at advanced stages, resulting in poor survival. Among various treatment
modalities, chemotherapy remains the mainstay, particularly for treating advanced
patients. However, the major drawback of conventional chemotherapeutics is the lack
of cancer cell selectivity, leading to significant damage to healthy tissues. These
challenges can be circumvented with the help of targeted nanotherapeutics containing
anticancer drugs. These nanotherapeutics are increasingly favored over their
conventional counterparts due to their specific cancer cell targeting with low off-target
effects. Therefore, in this book chapter, we focus on different types of nanocarriers to
treat hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, current nanotherapeutics in clinical trials
and the future perspective of nanomedicine in liver cancer are discussed.

Keywords: Cancer, Carbon nanotubes, Chemotherapeutics, Chronic hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Drug resistance, Enhanced permeability and retention effect, Fullerenes, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Hepatocytes, Inorganic nanoparticles, Liposomes, Metastases, Micelles, Nanoparticles, Nanostructured lipid carriers, Polyplex, Quantum dots, Solid lipid nanoparticles, Targeted drug delivery.

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