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Nanotherapeutics for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Diagnosis, Molecular Pathogenesis, Biomarkers, and Conventional Therapy

Author(s): Biswajit Mukherjee*, Manasadeepa Rajagopalan, Samrat Chakraborty, Prasanta Ghosh, Manisheeta Ray, Ramkrishna Sen and Iman Ehsan

Pp: 1-97 (97)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815039740122010003

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common liver malignancy, has
been a significant cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Cirrhosis, hepatic viral
infections, fatty liver, and alcohol consumption are notable risk factors associated with
HCC. Furthermore, a crucial challenge in the therapeutic management of HCC patients
is the late-stage diagnosis, primarily due to the asymptomatic early stage. Despite the
availability of various preventive techniques, diagnoses, and several treatment options,
the mortality rate persists. Ongoing investigation on exploring molecular pathogenesis
of HCC and identifying different prognostic and diagnostic markers may intervene in
the conventional mode of treatment option for better therapeutic management of the
disease. Subsequently, tumor site and its size, extrahepatic spread, and liver function
are the underlying fundamental factors in treating treatment modality. The development
in both surgical and non-surgical methods has resulted in admirable benefits in the
survival rates. Understanding the mechanism(s) of tumor progression and the ability of
the tumor cells to develop resistance against drugs is extremely important for designing
future therapy concerning HCC. This chapter has accumulated the current literature and
provided a vivid description of HCC based on its classification, risk factors, stagebased
diagnosis systems, molecular pathogenesis, prognostic/diagnostic markers, and
the existing conventional treatment approaches.

Keywords: Cellular signaling pathway, Cirrhosis, HCC molecular pathogenesis, HCC- prognostic/diagnostic markers, HCC risk factors, Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cell signaling during HCC development, Ongoing therapy against HCC, Stage-based diagnosis, Tumor microenvironment.

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