Nanocatalysis in Aryl Carbon-Hetero Atom Coupling Reactions: Special Emphasis on Copper Free Protocols

Pp: 44-59 (16)

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Nanomaterials have emerged as a keystone of nanoscience and

nanotechnology that cover a broad area in the field of research and development

worldwide. A set of substances having at least one dimension less than around 100

nanometres are termed nanoscale materials. At such a range, these nanomaterials

possess some unique optical, electrical, and magnetic properties; they have substantial

impacts in electronics, medicine as well as various organic synthesis. A wide variety of

nanoparticles, such as carbon-based/polymer-based/lipid-based/ceramic/metal-based,

etc., are found depending on composition, size, chemical and physical properties, and

morphology of nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles have received special attraction for

organic synthesis nowadays. Due to their stronger ability to transfer electrons, large

surface area to volume ratio, easy recovery, and recyclability, metal nanoparticles have

become an attractive alternative for both homogenous as well as heterogeneous

catalysis in synthetic organic chemistry. The aryl-heteroatom bond formation in

organic synthesis is very important as the molecules with the generality of this bond are

of pharmaceutical, chemical, and biological interest. Synthesizing such molecules with

metal nanoparticles has the advantage of high atom economy, easy recyclability, and

reusability of the catalyst, which is far better than the conventional procedures that

demand toxic ligands and tedious procedures. The use of copper-free metal

nanoparticles for the synthesis of such moieties is a greener approach as copper has a

toxic mechanism of action.

Keywords: Catalysis, Copper Free Protocols, Metal-Based Nanoparticles, Narylation, O-arylation, S-arylation.

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