Voltammetry for Sensing Applications

Advanced Materials for Immune Sensors

Author(s): A.H. Sneharani * .

Pp: 352-366 (15)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815039719122010017

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

The chapter outlines the trends in the rapid development of
biofunctionalized hybrid nanomaterials for application as immune sensors to detect
biomarkers, thehallmarks of diseases. Biofunctioanalized advanced materials
incorporate biological macromolecules/biomaterials with high specificity and
selectivity, such as proteins with unique binding properties which are combined with
the electronic, optical or photonic properties of nanostructures, enabling them to
function as sensors. Functionalization materialises due to similarity in dimension scale
allowing functional coupling leading to an effective signal transduction in these
sensors. A variety of nano objects metals, carbon nanotubes are coupled with
proteins/immunoglobulins or antigens to yield biofunctionalized advanced materials
leading to the development of promising novel immune biosensors with many
advanced features, like ergonomic, time saving, sensitivity, point-of-care cost
economy, feasibility and reproducibility.


Keywords: Antibody, Antigen, Diagnostics, Functionalization, Immunosenors, Nanomaterials.

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      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316870080 and j.to_ip >=316870080 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847158 and j.to_date >= 1739847158 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16407) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316870080 and j.to_ip >=316870080 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847158 and j.to_date >= 1739847158 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16407) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316870080 and j.to_ip >=316870080 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847158 and j.to_date >= 1739847158 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16407)
      1.07msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3301 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739847158 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739847158 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.43msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3301
      • 3: 1739847158
      • 4: 1739847158
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='6a8fb97d88ed59fd0d912df7098be810'
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    6Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        NRF4COdSTXo5MNWIzjHhg4pQb5QxeL52q6yto61V
        uc_cart_id
        6a8fb97d88ed59fd0d912df7098be810
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/16407" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/16407
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
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        session_attributes
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        array:5 [ "_token" => "NRF4COdSTXo5MNWIzjHhg4pQb5QxeL52q6yto61V" "uc_cart_id" => "6a8fb97d88ed59fd0d912df7098be810" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/16407" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 02:52:38GET/chapter/16407112198