Graphene-Based Nanomaterial Catalysis

Carbon Dioxide Conversion to Value-Added Chemicals using Graphene and its Composite Materials

Author(s): Sandeep Kumar*, Nayuesh Sharma, Ajit Sharma and Deepak Kumar

Pp: 97-113 (17)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815040494122010008

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Rapidly growing industrialization leads to an increase in global temperature
as a result of the emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), in the
environment. CO2 is an abundant, nontoxic, and renewable C1 feedstock source of
carbon for synthesizing fine chemicals. CO2 can be transformed into many gaseous or
liquid fuels and fine chemicals, such as carbon monoxide, methane, formic acid,
formaldehyde, methanol, cyclic carbonates, and other hydrocarbon fuels. The inherent
thermodynamics stability and kinetic inertness of CO2 pose a limit for the synthesis of
fine chemicals. Various materials have been explored by many researchers around the
globe to generate efficient chemicals and products from CO2. Graphene and its
composite materials have a large surface area, and their surface is rich in various
reactive oxygen functional groups (-C-OH, -C=O, -COOH, etc.), which can be highly
active sites for various organic catalytic reactions, including oxidation, reduction, ringopening,
and coupling reactions. In this chapter, the structure, strategies, and
mechanism of utilizing CO2 into value-added chemicals using graphene and its
composite materials will be presented.


Keywords: Catalytic reaction, Carbon dioxide reduction, Carbon monoxide, Cyclic carbonates, Formic acid, Formaldehyde, Graphene, Graphite, Hydrocarbon fuels, Methane, Methanol, Value-added chemicals.

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      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316303896 and j.to_ip >=316303896 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848079 and j.to_date >= 1739848079 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16320) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316303896 and j.to_ip >=316303896 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848079 and j.to_date >= 1739848079 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16320) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 316303896 and j.to_ip >=316303896 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739848079 and j.to_date >= 1739848079 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16320)
      660μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3294 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739848079 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739848079 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.08msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3294
      • 3: 1739848079
      • 4: 1739848079
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='a552387be12103ed47b772d66105b055'
      240μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    12Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        RobQqUF5On21z5Ll7jngXTmvuForiPhlfepkkTf3
        uc_cart_id
        a552387be12103ed47b772d66105b055
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/8917" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/16320
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
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        session_attributes
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        array:5 [ "_token" => "RobQqUF5On21z5Ll7jngXTmvuForiPhlfepkkTf3" "uc_cart_id" => "a552387be12103ed47b772d66105b055" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/8917" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 03:07:59GET/chapter/163201121914