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Applications of NMR Spectroscopy

Volume: 9

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Evaluation of Structure-property Relationship of Coconut Shell Lignins by NMR Spectroscopy: From Biorefinery to High-added Value Products

Author(s): Francisco Avelino and Diego Lomonaco * .

Pp: 66-130 (65)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815039351121090005

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is one of the most
important spectroscopic methods for lignin characterization, playing a key role in its
structural elucidation and the choice of its suitable application. This chapter intends to
cover a wide range of matters regarding the NMR utilization in the lignin field from the
biorefinery up to lignin valorization through different chemical modifications in order
to produce high-added-value products with potential technological applications. The
chapter is divided into four main sections, in which the first and second ones will
provide a review of the main structural properties, NMR experiments used for lignin
characterization, and the recent advances of this technique. The third section is
composed of topics about biorefinery with a focus on microwave-assisted organosolv
delignification (MWAOD) and how the main pulping parameters affect the lignin
structure, besides the use of NMR as a quality control tool for MWAOD up-scaling.
Finally, the fourth section discusses NMR as a tool for determining structure-property
relationship by performing some chemical modifications in lignin structure aiming its
valorization, such as glycidylation, microwave-assisted phosphorylation, microwaveassisted
selective acetylation, and the performance of lignins from different pulping
processes as antioxidant compounds and the influence of their structure on it.
Therefore, this chapter contributes to the development of the lignin field by reviewing
the recent advances provided by NMR spectroscopy.

Keywords: Lignin Valorization, Lignochemical Platform, Structural Elucidation.

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