Combustion Synthesis: Novel Routes to Novel Materials

Cellulose-Assisted Combustion Synthesis of Functional Materials for Energy Storage or Conversion

Author(s): Rui Cai, Wei Zhou, Zongping Shao

Pp: 72-82 (11)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805155711001010072

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Combustion synthesis has attracted considerable attention recently for its advantages of low processing cost, high energy efficiency, and high production rate. This chapter presents the preparation of functional oxide materials for energy storage or conversion by cellulose-assisted combustion synthesis. In traditional solid-solution-phase combustion synthesis, e.g., the glycine-nitrate process (GNP), a great quantity of gas is evolved during the synthesis, which can create large amounts of ash by blowing away the products. Natural cotton fibers with a hierarchical pore structure were used as a micro-reactor for the GNP in this study. This novel process is environmentally friendly. Furthermore, the resulting particle size was smaller, which was attributed to the blocking effect of cellulose on inter-particle contact during the synthesis. The method was applied for the synthesis of samaria-doped ceria (SDC) as an electrolyte for solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). SDC powder with a particle size as small as 10 nm was obtained, which was easily sintered to form a dense electrolyte at 1350 °C, several hundred degrees lower than that prepared from the traditional solid-state reaction. La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 perovskite oxide was also prepared and showed higher purity and better cathode performance in SOFCs than that prepared by a sol-gel process. By adopting the same method, phase-pure spinel Li4Ti5O12 could be synthesized at 700 °C. The resulting powder had an excellent rate performance in secondary lithium-ion batteries, with a capacity of 140 mAh g-1 even at a 10 C discharge rate. More importantly, solid TiO2 oxides can also be utilized as the raw materials for this synthesis, making the process highly cost-attractive.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314530707 and j.to_ip >=314530707 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834423 and j.to_date >= 1739834423 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 1618) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314530707 and j.to_ip >=314530707 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834423 and j.to_date >= 1739834423 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 1618) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 314530707 and j.to_ip >=314530707 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739834423 and j.to_date >= 1739834423 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 1618)
      660μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 907 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739834423 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739834423 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.09msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 907
      • 3: 1739834423
      • 4: 1739834423
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='8521794b0c7087900975bed530e7637f'
      220μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Keywords
    1Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        scvlWdT6dxOmSA381V0JqXo58SPnrnpB3oYyhVoQ
        uc_cart_id
        8521794b0c7087900975bed530e7637f
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/1618" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/1618
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
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        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
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        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-17 23:20:23GET/chapter/1618112193