Recent Advances in Molecular and Translational Medicine: Updates in Precision Medicine

Molecular Therapeutic Approach Focusing on Kinases

Author(s): Pankaj Dwivedi and Somchai Chutipongtanate * .

Pp: 145-167 (23)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815036756121010012

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

So far, there are 538 kinases found in the human proteome. Most of these kinases play a critical role in normal and aberrant signaling biology. In the last three decades, the kinase research field has exploded with myriad unknown findings related to kinases and their disease association. Based on these seminal findings, we can now assert that >85% of identified kinases are dysregulated in at least one or more diseases. Due to these remarkable statistics, novel kinase targeting strategies have been utilized, primarily involving small molecule inhibitors. So far, the FDA has approved around 80 kinase inhibitors (mostly small molecule inhibitors). Here in this chapter, we provide a description of kinases and their families, kinase-disease association and an up-to-date status of kinase-based therapeutics.


Keywords: Disease Biology, Kinases, Kinase Inhibitors, Kinome Biology, Therapeutics, Pediatric Leukemia, Phosphatases, Phosphoproteomics, Protein Phosphorylation.

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      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51716822 and j.to_ip >=51716822 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988623 and j.to_date >= 1739988623 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16029) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51716822 and j.to_ip >=51716822 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988623 and j.to_date >= 1739988623 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16029) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51716822 and j.to_ip >=51716822 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988623 and j.to_date >= 1739988623 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16029)
      770μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3161 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739988623 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739988623 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.42msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3161
      • 3: 1739988623
      • 4: 1739988623
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='35262f14a6d20b673ce1c04c56514106'
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    9Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        plFZmA8MAuwqALlRwkdiry1SJsSuGkeJXLiDKQio
        uc_cart_id
        35262f14a6d20b673ce1c04c56514106
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/16029" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/16029
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjVEODZNeVQ2bG5qVGV2RWZ0aXpwNVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM01WWGp1SkxmN3pPTERicnRVVmVKVjNFYURqbVdjZXJOZTRQdmhJLzVGbz0iLCJtYWMiOiJjNTY0YWFkYWY1NTFlNGFkY2JiNjNmZjg2YTU5YzY4MjI3YjNhM2UxOGViZjcyZmU3YTg3NzhjOTVhNjI3MGFlIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6IjVEODZNeVQ2bG5qVGV2RWZ0aXpwNVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiM01WWGp1SkxmN3pPTERicnRVVmVKVjNFYURqbVdjZXJOZTRQdmhJLzVGbz0iLCJtYWMiOiJjNTY0YWFkYWY1NTFl" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Wed, 19 Feb 2025 18:10:23 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImpwanYvVEU4T2ZkTDJ6c1JUZk1Ob1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaGYwZDQ1dWcyK1ViMmR5OUFUWUlOZFdjWkdmeFdCNldVZFVYVFdZaDgwc2IxaDduK0QrWEFGcXRtSWgrSUpiSFlPazh5SVFxN1ptWGI4aklOUFNkNGlSZmRzMkRrZjZNb3lXOVpmZkVKNVdBTUg1OFpTbkNmbHRxU0dWcUk2a1AiLCJtYWMiOiIxMWIzYTdkMWJkYjg5MDc0YmRmZGZkMTBmMmQzM2JmMTEwNDc2NGJiZTg5ODFmMTYzOGZlMWRhZWNiNTY3NzEwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22 Feb 2025 06:10:23 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImpwanYvVEU4T2ZkTDJ6c1JUZk1Ob1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaGYwZDQ1dWcyK1ViMmR5OUFUWUlOZFdjWkdmeFdCNldVZFVYVFdZaDgwc2IxaDduK0QrWEFGcXRtSWgrSUpiSFlPazh5S" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IllsbUV0YlJ4VnFkaUJ2eEFSTkhxeGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTzEvdiswVzNCS3JOSllMcUV6S2hNU21FV1QwOWl4VFBDMVUvVVMyMHNVZGsrSTNkUmRISXJpdFY3NzNVWGFEakFwUGlSTSsyejkyZ3F1elBSYjZyMmZ3Zmw0Vll2a1h4ZjZYdng2YTBJSzFZK3lncmJmZW4yNVc0VnZrbElseFAiLCJtYWMiOiJjZWVlNGM5MDczNTlmZmU3OWJmMzZlOTVmNzBkZDRhOWQxYmIxNDc4Yjg3ZWI2NjY2MTM0OWYzY2EzMTc3YWJiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IllsbUV0YlJ4VnFkaUJ2eEFSTkhxeGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTzEvdiswVzNCS3JOSllMcUV6S2hNU21FV1QwOWl4VFBDMVUvVVMyMHNVZGsrSTNkUmRISXJpdFY" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImpwanYvVEU4T2ZkTDJ6c1JUZk1Ob1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaGYwZDQ1dWcyK1ViMmR5OUFUWUlOZFdjWkdmeFdCNldVZFVYVFdZaDgwc2IxaDduK0QrWEFGcXRtSWgrSUpiSFlPazh5SVFxN1ptWGI4aklOUFNkNGlSZmRzMkRrZjZNb3lXOVpmZkVKNVdBTUg1OFpTbkNmbHRxU0dWcUk2a1AiLCJtYWMiOiIxMWIzYTdkMWJkYjg5MDc0YmRmZGZkMTBmMmQzM2JmMTEwNDc2NGJiZTg5ODFmMTYzOGZlMWRhZWNiNTY3NzEwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22-Feb-2025 06:10:23 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6ImpwanYvVEU4T2ZkTDJ6c1JUZk1Ob1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaGYwZDQ1dWcyK1ViMmR5OUFUWUlOZFdjWkdmeFdCNldVZFVYVFdZaDgwc2IxaDduK0QrWEFGcXRtSWgrSUpiSFlPazh5S" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IllsbUV0YlJ4VnFkaUJ2eEFSTkhxeGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTzEvdiswVzNCS3JOSllMcUV6S2hNU21FV1QwOWl4VFBDMVUvVVMyMHNVZGsrSTNkUmRISXJpdFY3NzNVWGFEakFwUGlSTSsyejkyZ3F1elBSYjZyMmZ3Zmw0Vll2a1h4ZjZYdng2YTBJSzFZK3lncmJmZW4yNVc0VnZrbElseFAiLCJtYWMiOiJjZWVlNGM5MDczNTlmZmU3OWJmMzZlOTVmNzBkZDRhOWQxYmIxNDc4Yjg3ZWI2NjY2MTM0OWYzY2EzMTc3YWJiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6IllsbUV0YlJ4VnFkaUJ2eEFSTkhxeGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTzEvdiswVzNCS3JOSllMcUV6S2hNU21FV1QwOWl4VFBDMVUvVVMyMHNVZGsrSTNkUmRISXJpdFY" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "plFZmA8MAuwqALlRwkdiry1SJsSuGkeJXLiDKQio" "uc_cart_id" => "35262f14a6d20b673ce1c04c56514106" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/16029" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-19 18:10:23GET/chapter/160291121911