Recent Advances in Molecular and Translational Medicine: Updates in Precision Medicine

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

Author(s): Danai Khemasuwan * .

Pp: 43-57 (15)

DOI: 10.2174/9789815036756121010006

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

Medical knowledge and healthcare information have dramatically expanded in the past decades. The advents of medical ultra-subspecialty, mandated regulatory agencies, and modern molecular techniques (–omics) have made the field of Medicine spread in both depth and breadth. Medicine has become extremely complex beyond the unaided human mind. Humans make majority of decisions using six or fewer data points, otherwise, the human brain can become mentally exhausted. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been designed to analyze seamlessly over thousands of data points, including complex nonlinear interaction between data points. A novel perspective of a future in medicine incorporates data-driven systems while AI and clinicians work collaboratively in conditional automation, similar to the current state of automatic vehicles. The role of human physicians may shift to back-up decision making and diagnosis of rare diseases, rather than routine, repetitive works. Given the expected growth in the field, physicians should be familiar with the opportunities and limitations of AI and machine learning. This chapter will lay out the principle concepts of artificial intelligence, machine learning and artificial neural networks and will explore the recent studies and possible implications of AI in medical specialties.


Keywords: Artificial intelligent, Deep learning, Healthcare, Machine learning.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 58766425 and j.to_ip >=58766425 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988356 and j.to_date >= 1739988356 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16023) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 58766425 and j.to_ip >=58766425 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988356 and j.to_date >= 1739988356 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16023) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 58766425 and j.to_ip >=58766425 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739988356 and j.to_date >= 1739988356 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 16023)
      540μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3161 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739988356 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739988356 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.07msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3161
      • 3: 1739988356
      • 4: 1739988356
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='12d7cf179124a385db2023d0b8c5c85b'
      210μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    4Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        5WvAQl4G20j4H9Cyy87jhddMOrQEI3QXQTAj7JUL
        uc_cart_id
        12d7cf179124a385db2023d0b8c5c85b
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/16023" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/16023
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImQ2RC9SczlWVUxBdEFzTXFkNnZmeFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVFMydWs3VkU0YmtiZ2hPc3V3eUVtRWJUUnU3Z0h6U2JZaXV6RnpqcTMvND0iLCJtYWMiOiJkMDYyNTU1ZjRkYTQ5M2MyYmE0ZTMyYzE5ZTU5YWQxZGZkMTAxNjAzZTcwNjdmMGM4Mzk4YzcwM2ZkYTFkMGY5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImQ2RC9SczlWVUxBdEFzTXFkNnZmeFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiVFMydWs3VkU0YmtiZ2hPc3V3eUVtRWJUUnU3Z0h6U2JZaXV6RnpqcTMvND0iLCJtYWMiOiJkMDYyNTU1ZjRkYTQ5" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Wed, 19 Feb 2025 18:05:56 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlNKSFQ5dFdhVnNyU1hsNHJEa1BXNlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid013TVJFZGtzeDBZRVVmUFM5aDlCSDAvRUsxdGtuc3Y2UnVKd1NNMERNT0V6d3YyTGIzUWFWT3FXYSttblM5K1J6bHp6NHRRVk5NaEJPd25PQWI5QkNvV2hBeC8xYTUwclpxUHJxZ3JUeUY1R3FDaVNMNno5Z0RIT0w4TXZ1QnEiLCJtYWMiOiI0MmZkYzNlY2ZiYTgxOTkxYmU2OGFjYmVmYmQ0MDJhYTU2Y2UyYzZmNDJlZTE3YzllY2M1OWY5Mzg2MjhhNWUxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22 Feb 2025 06:05:56 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlNKSFQ5dFdhVnNyU1hsNHJEa1BXNlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid013TVJFZGtzeDBZRVVmUFM5aDlCSDAvRUsxdGtuc3Y2UnVKd1NNMERNT0V6d3YyTGIzUWFWT3FXYSttblM5K1J6bHp6N" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InU1aHFKc0t5c0pSU0g1UDBFdlFKbGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieXVJUUozRW44a1g4QklMb21IYWw4ODRoNUNNZ0NYMUkwbEVrRW9vUGk0N1o0L3oxM0VTWks2THozY050WjNETUJ5cmIyREx0UFNYdWJsWXBPNUdPMU13NDlueDNZd292K3dlQUVDVzJqMWhEM0lCMzVWYS9qdGxKV3J3K2htYjIiLCJtYWMiOiI2M2IxYTZjYjNmOGJiNjgxYzg0N2E1NTU4OGM3OWViZmUwMjU0ZTAxYTAyNGJmYmI5ODM2NzFkYzBkOTQ4OGE5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InU1aHFKc0t5c0pSU0g1UDBFdlFKbGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieXVJUUozRW44a1g4QklMb21IYWw4ODRoNUNNZ0NYMUkwbEVrRW9vUGk0N1o0L3oxM0VTWks2THo" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlNKSFQ5dFdhVnNyU1hsNHJEa1BXNlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid013TVJFZGtzeDBZRVVmUFM5aDlCSDAvRUsxdGtuc3Y2UnVKd1NNMERNT0V6d3YyTGIzUWFWT3FXYSttblM5K1J6bHp6NHRRVk5NaEJPd25PQWI5QkNvV2hBeC8xYTUwclpxUHJxZ3JUeUY1R3FDaVNMNno5Z0RIT0w4TXZ1QnEiLCJtYWMiOiI0MmZkYzNlY2ZiYTgxOTkxYmU2OGFjYmVmYmQ0MDJhYTU2Y2UyYzZmNDJlZTE3YzllY2M1OWY5Mzg2MjhhNWUxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Sat, 22-Feb-2025 06:05:56 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlNKSFQ5dFdhVnNyU1hsNHJEa1BXNlE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoid013TVJFZGtzeDBZRVVmUFM5aDlCSDAvRUsxdGtuc3Y2UnVKd1NNMERNT0V6d3YyTGIzUWFWT3FXYSttblM5K1J6bHp6N" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InU1aHFKc0t5c0pSU0g1UDBFdlFKbGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieXVJUUozRW44a1g4QklMb21IYWw4ODRoNUNNZ0NYMUkwbEVrRW9vUGk0N1o0L3oxM0VTWks2THozY050WjNETUJ5cmIyREx0UFNYdWJsWXBPNUdPMU13NDlueDNZd292K3dlQUVDVzJqMWhEM0lCMzVWYS9qdGxKV3J3K2htYjIiLCJtYWMiOiI2M2IxYTZjYjNmOGJiNjgxYzg0N2E1NTU4OGM3OWViZmUwMjU0ZTAxYTAyNGJmYmI5ODM2NzFkYzBkOTQ4OGE5IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6InU1aHFKc0t5c0pSU0g1UDBFdlFKbGc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieXVJUUozRW44a1g4QklMb21IYWw4ODRoNUNNZ0NYMUkwbEVrRW9vUGk0N1o0L3oxM0VTWks2THo" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "5WvAQl4G20j4H9Cyy87jhddMOrQEI3QXQTAj7JUL" "uc_cart_id" => "12d7cf179124a385db2023d0b8c5c85b" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/16023" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-19 18:05:56GET/chapter/16023112196