Challenges In Stellar Pulsation

δScuti, γ Doradus and related stars

Author(s): Luis A. Balona

Pp: 56-85 (30)

DOI: 10.2174/978160805185411001010056

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

The use of time-dependent convection has partially resolved the problem of the red edge of the δ Scuti instability strip. Both the κ mechanism and convective blocking are active driving agents in these stars. Recent space observations have destroyed the separation between δ Sct and γ Dor stars in the HR diagram. It seems that a cool δ Sct star is distinguished from a γ Dor star only in the relative amplitudes of the low and high frequencies and that hybrid behaviour is normal in most of these stars. In some δ Sct stars there are a large number of observed frequencies and in a few of these stars the spherical harmonic degree of many of these modes known. In spite of this, asteroseismology of these stars has not been successful. High-amplitude δ Sct stars offer interesting viewof the transition between δ Sct and Cepheid pulsations and provide valuable insights on the mode selection mechanism. The nature of the pulsations in peculiar stars such as λ Boo, Am and Ap stars still need to be understood. Recent models of Am stars taking disusion into account have led to a better understanding of the location of these stars in the HR diagram. However the detection of several pulsating Ap stars from recent space observations may pose a challenge. The number of pulsating pre-main sequence stars has increased greatly in recent years, but modelling of these stars has been slow. Attempts to detect predicted pulsation in brown dwarfs are also discussed.

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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51491093 and j.to_ip >=51491093 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847815 and j.to_date >= 1739847815 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 1594) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51491093 and j.to_ip >=51491093 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847815 and j.to_date >= 1739847815 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 1594) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 51491093 and j.to_ip >=51491093 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1739847815 and j.to_date >= 1739847815 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 1594)
      640μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 906 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1739847815 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1739847815 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.04msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 906
      • 3: 1739847815
      • 4: 1739847815
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='25a518fccdff9be8dd950c10d76ef7f8'
      250μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Keywords
    1Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        A5mJPdZ7smQmeGlfd6aOEBBguri1iGUeoNj9IGj6
        uc_cart_id
        25a518fccdff9be8dd950c10d76ef7f8
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/1594" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/1594
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InRxeW56WFhUR2V4ZDVhTFQrWjU0bUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRWpDWEgxQnJ2Y1RTSW1TUnZZaWY3QnJYcjdjUXQxbDhiaHJCUnFUbWhHaz0iLCJtYWMiOiI4ZmIzN2NiNjhhYmJiMjk5YWIwMzRiOGYxMTg3YTE3NTkzMGI2N2QwODQ0NWFjYjc2NmEwZDQ4MGMzOTQyNTJiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IlVNOXhMUWNWd3lYbitjQjJEbnlJMEE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoibmlnUGp5QjNucGl3UkZ2M2Q4RTQxdUtvM0h2cTJRTmhySHFYSjE4bjdqZ2ZXZlk2UWUrcjBEaGRPN1ZHcWFnbFZEZTg5dnlFb2lZYVJDRDNEZzFGaWRRMEhQQ241MHQwd1RqN2RTRmNuejhJYVB0eEp3RGhqZlFKWVB4MmRla2IiLCJtYWMiOiJiODE0ZjZmNmEwYTU4NDdjYWNiM2E5OTBhNmE2MmE0NDcyN2M5OGUzMjM4Y2I4ZGIyZWQyZjI1OGE1MjRiZGVjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ijg2OWtuNW5lQm1yWDIwUzcyNlA1dUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiNk1HSzIyTDkybklMVktya1owaFVTOG5hTmo5WllTcGlDYkNWK0ZwbGZiWlRST1pjRzgwMjVyNmxOM2FKZEVzUVlMOEZ3RThGUjVUNWtYdUI1WHRoUXpqc1FRMVhWdHpLU0svQUREUTNXbDFPNlF0bzNrakJKQmxnU0E3ZHVBemsiLCJtYWMiOiI1MzZiNTM3MTFhOTgxOWQ3NTk2N2E0ZWJiNmQzMTAxNjc3ZmRlMDc3NzAxNWZkMWQ1ZWZjYzNkM2I4YmIyNmNjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6InRxeW56WFhUR2V4ZDVhTFQrWjU0bUE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiRWpDWEgxQnJ2Y1RTSW1TUnZZaWY3QnJYcjdjUXQxbDhiaHJCUnFUbWhHaz0iLCJtYWMiOiI4ZmIzN2NiNjhhYmJi" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
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        response_headers
        0 of 0
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        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "A5mJPdZ7smQmeGlfd6aOEBBguri1iGUeoNj9IGj6" "uc_cart_id" => "25a518fccdff9be8dd950c10d76ef7f8" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/1594" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-18 03:03:35GET/chapter/1594112193