Psychological Assessment and Interventions for Individuals Linked to Radicalization and Lone Wolf Terrorism

Psychology of Radicalization and Lone Wolf Terrorism

Author(s): Carlo Lazzari*, Abdul Nusair and Marco Rabottini

Pp: 47-69 (23)

DOI: 10.2174/9789814998338121010006

* (Excluding Mailing and Handling)

Abstract

A radicalization is a worldwide event that impacts multiple nations and is present in various historical contexts. In the study of radicalization of persons who work autonomously from more radicalized communities, psychologists may support it. As there is no unique identity, these single actors or lone wolves are more difficult to spot because they behave as self-determined people. The current chapter's emphasis is on the mechanisms and methods of radicalization in adults, including children and women’s radicalization. In the study of radicalization, there is little probability of direct contact with the target community (terrorists, lone wolves, and radical groups) that is much of the time distant, dangerous, and shielded from media attention. In this instance, the application of ethnographic studies also through Internet outlets has yielded adequate results. Focus is also given to the growth of radicalized ideology and how radicalization can be viewed in terms of the lone wolf terrorist’s cognitive and social progress. The writers often discuss how a radicalized leader can exploit the insecurity of individual citizens to radicalize them. Besides, as a logical fallacy and a symptom of dualistic thinking, the writers researched radicalized thought. Therefore, in their propensity to radicalize, a combination of perceptual, mental, and psychological stimuli is analyzed.


Keywords: Ethnography, Internet, Lone Wolf, Psychology, Radicalization

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      • 11. app/Models/ContentAccess.php:647
      • 12. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1478
      • 13. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
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      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1518
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Trial Access" as access_base_text, CASE j.type WHEN 111 THEN true ELSE false END as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_trail` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221924030 and j.to_ip >=221924030 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740513335 and j.to_date >= 1740513335 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 15353) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Subscribed" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "S" as content_download_type, null as restricted_user_access_key, null as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_corporate` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221924030 and j.to_ip >=221924030 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740513335 and j.to_date >= 1740513335 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 15353) union (select j.user_access_id,j.volume_id,j.user_id,j.from_ip,j.to_ip,j.type,j.track,"Token Based Access" as access_base_text, false as terms_popup, "R" as content_download_type, j.uc_id as restricted_user_access_key, "v" as restricted_user_access_type, CASE j.track WHEN 0 THEN false ELSE true END as tracksAccessByVolume,"chapter" as access_level, j.chapter_id from `user_access_chapter_token` as `j` inner join `user_access_info` as `info` on `j`.`user_access_id` = `info`.`user_access_id` where ((j.from_ip <= 221924030 and j.to_ip >=221924030 )) and ((j.from_date <= 1740513335 and j.to_date >= 1740513335 and j.perpetual= 0) or (j.from_date is null and j.to_date is null and j.perpetual= 1)) and j.chapter_id = 15353)
      940μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022UserAccess.php#1266
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/UserAccess/UserAccess.php:1266
      • 14. app/Http/Controllers/ChapterController.php:1549
      • 15. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • 16. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • select b.banner_link, b.banner_name, b.banner_script, b.banner_remarks, b.banner_file_name, b.banner_placement, bd.content_type, bd.content_id from `tbl_banner` as `b` inner join `tbl_banner_detail` as `bd` on `bd`.`banner_id` = `b`.`banner_id` inner join `users` as `u` on `u`.`id` = `b`.`updated_by` where `b`.`banner_ebook` = 1 and `bd`.`content_type` = 'B' and `bd`.`content_id` = 3107 and `b`.`banner_from_date` <= 1740513335 and `b`.`banner_to_date` >= 1740513335 and `b`.`banner_status` = 'A' order by `b`.`banner_id` desc
      1.49msalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Banner.php#95
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: B
      • 2: 3107
      • 3: 1740513335
      • 4: 1740513335
      • 5: A
      Backtrace
      • 13. app/Models/Banner.php:95
      • 14. app/Http/helpers.php:404
      • 17. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    • select count(*) as aggregate from `uc_cart_products` where cart_id='9e65fb95539d62beb1a4741e8c943d07'
      280μsalphaeurekaselec_live_10_06_2022Cart.php#271
      Backtrace
      • 15. app/Models/Cart.php:271
      • 16. view::layouts._header:260
      • 18. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • 19. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • 20. vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:73
    App\Models\Keywords
    5Keywords.php#?
    App\Models\Chapter
    1Chapter.php#?
    App\Models\Ebook
    1Ebook.php#?
        _token
        6VPeWedGoj4JZaZYVtX5nCCUbHvtCvUKO7xytvqw
        uc_cart_id
        9e65fb95539d62beb1a4741e8c943d07
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/15353" ]
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /chapter/15353
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:17 [ "x-https" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "alpha.eurekaselect.com" ] "priority" => array:1 [ 0 => "u=0, i" ] "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "wayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImhIdTdJMjhxWkQrcFp5ck9Hd2E3b3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieHZ0TnNzUDFWSWhZR25iMkhSZFZhd1A4RU80U0hybnh4cUx1ZjZnR3lwdz0iLCJtYWMiOiJjYjU1MDUxZDViYTZkYWUyZWFhMzk5MmY5MGY5MGNjOWQyMTdkOTIzMmRiNzVkMzE3ODBhMDVmYzRkNzRiZDBjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3Dwayfindertarget=eyJpdiI6ImhIdTdJMjhxWkQrcFp5ck9Hd2E3b3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoieHZ0TnNzUDFWSWhZR25iMkhSZFZhd1A4RU80U0hybnh4cUx1ZjZnR3lwdz0iLCJtYWMiOiJjYjU1MDUxZDViYTZk" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:1 [ "wayfindertarget" => null ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Tue, 25 Feb 2025 19:55:35 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkdhcnZac1FkT3c4cjFpNXdwZEJ1cVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTmV2cjhoUkhnTmRBcUhtcWp0Q2dGUDcxeGpzRWdvK2orbFV5bkRIUEo5L0llaGV4bVJNWTRrU3FHVXdwVC9LM1pqWklybU5wLzRGQ0xmSElJOUhmNnJTdlZtNDUxY25Oc2Vqc2tESS9HQ2ZKTk0yMldFRjJqc2JWbytLemdRMFAiLCJtYWMiOiI3NWI3YzdkMzVlYmI1NTk3ZGY4NjEwMTQyYzljMTYyMzFhNzg5YzYyMmQ3Y2U2OGNmM2QwZDIzNmIyNDE1NWMxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28 Feb 2025 07:55:35 GMT; Max-Age=216000; path=/; secure; samesite=laxXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkdhcnZac1FkT3c4cjFpNXdwZEJ1cVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTmV2cjhoUkhnTmRBcUhtcWp0Q2dGUDcxeGpzRWdvK2orbFV5bkRIUEo5L0llaGV4bVJNWTRrU3FHVXdwVC9LM1pqWklyb" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik5ZMGcrTWNHakMvWkkrR2NOMG1TS3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMTNIRlFBZ2d2WHdnVHNlaDAvNmJienVndzAxYW9PV2czZ290bVdrV1hHWjBDYjBuOVN4VXVjSkZremtsOGFMNkl6bTE4eGdJSGRsNGRLVGxUNm1wMlpKNDh6WUM3RGpmSVhmTytTTHJ5N1pFL1haeVo2NVpGTGppSkRLR3RHLzgiLCJtYWMiOiJkM2FhMWZlMmIzNTk5ZTM4MDE4OGVjOGUzZDgzMjhjZDNlNGNhY2YzZWExYjYzMTQzNzA5Zjg0YWMyNWRlYzI1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponly; samesite=laxalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik5ZMGcrTWNHakMvWkkrR2NOMG1TS3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMTNIRlFBZ2d2WHdnVHNlaDAvNmJienVndzAxYW9PV2czZ290bVdrV1hHWjBDYjBuOVN4VXVjSkZ" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkdhcnZac1FkT3c4cjFpNXdwZEJ1cVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTmV2cjhoUkhnTmRBcUhtcWp0Q2dGUDcxeGpzRWdvK2orbFV5bkRIUEo5L0llaGV4bVJNWTRrU3FHVXdwVC9LM1pqWklybU5wLzRGQ0xmSElJOUhmNnJTdlZtNDUxY25Oc2Vqc2tESS9HQ2ZKTk0yMldFRjJqc2JWbytLemdRMFAiLCJtYWMiOiI3NWI3YzdkMzVlYmI1NTk3ZGY4NjEwMTQyYzljMTYyMzFhNzg5YzYyMmQ3Y2U2OGNmM2QwZDIzNmIyNDE1NWMxIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Fri, 28-Feb-2025 07:55:35 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkdhcnZac1FkT3c4cjFpNXdwZEJ1cVE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiTmV2cjhoUkhnTmRBcUhtcWp0Q2dGUDcxeGpzRWdvK2orbFV5bkRIUEo5L0llaGV4bVJNWTRrU3FHVXdwVC9LM1pqWklyb" 1 => "alphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik5ZMGcrTWNHakMvWkkrR2NOMG1TS3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMTNIRlFBZ2d2WHdnVHNlaDAvNmJienVndzAxYW9PV2czZ290bVdrV1hHWjBDYjBuOVN4VXVjSkZremtsOGFMNkl6bTE4eGdJSGRsNGRLVGxUNm1wMlpKNDh6WUM3RGpmSVhmTytTTHJ5N1pFL1haeVo2NVpGTGppSkRLR3RHLzgiLCJtYWMiOiJkM2FhMWZlMmIzNTk5ZTM4MDE4OGVjOGUzZDgzMjhjZDNlNGNhY2YzZWExYjYzMTQzNzA5Zjg0YWMyNWRlYzI1IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; path=/; secure; httponlyalphaeurekaselectnet_session=eyJpdiI6Ik5ZMGcrTWNHakMvWkkrR2NOMG1TS3c9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMTNIRlFBZ2d2WHdnVHNlaDAvNmJienVndzAxYW9PV2czZ290bVdrV1hHWjBDYjBuOVN4VXVjSkZ" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "_token" => "6VPeWedGoj4JZaZYVtX5nCCUbHvtCvUKO7xytvqw" "uc_cart_id" => "9e65fb95539d62beb1a4741e8c943d07" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://alpha.eurekaselect.com/chapter/15353" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => [] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-02-25 19:55:35GET/chapter/15353112197